The performance of Doppler velocity logs (DVLs) in terms of velocity estimate error is directly linked to the geometry of the beam and the pulse transmitted. Beyond a specific transmitted bandwidth, the phase-shift beamformer can introduce significant errors in velocity estimation. To delineate the operating mechanism of phase-shift errors within a phased array of acoustic DVLs, the correlation between bottom echo and velocity distribution, in conjunction with the power-weighted function, was initially examined predicated on spectral estimation theory. Subsequently, numerical and analytical models of the Gaussian-shaped Doppler spectrum were formulated. The models are employed to evaluate the velocity estimation inaccuracies attributed to phase shifts in extant DVLs, and the comparative results with field experiments corroborate the model's efficacy in forecasting errors. The theoretical findings evaluate the performance limitations of the current phased array transducer design and provide insights for developing new designs. Pool experimental results show that this design effectively reduces the velocity estimation error caused by phase shift under static conditions and in the presence of Doppler frequencies to a level of almost complete elimination of the error compared to conventional configurations.

中文翻译：

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声多普勒速度测井中相移波束形成引起的速度估计偏差的校正

多普勒速度测井 (DVL) 在速度估计误差方面的性能与波束和传输脉冲的几何形状直接相关。除了特定的传输带宽之外，相移波束形成器可能会在速度估计中引入显着的误差。为了描述声学 DVL 相控阵内相移误差的工作机制，根据频谱估计理论，初步检查了底部回波和速度分布之间的相关性以及功率加权函数。随后，制定了高斯形多普勒频谱的数值和分析模型。该模型用于评估现有 DVL 中相移引起的速度估计误差，并且与现场实验的比较结果证实了该模型在预测误差方面的有效性。理论研究结果评估了当前相控阵换能器设计的性能限制，并为开发新设计提供了见解。池实验结果表明，与传统配置相比，该设计有效地将静态条件下和多普勒频率存在下由相移引起的速度估计误差降低到几乎完全消除误差的水平。