Piercing sucking pests are destructive to many strategic crops all over the world. Botanical pesticides can be used to control these pests. A new withanolide derivative 3 named sominone A ((20R,22R)-1α,3β,20,27-tetrahydroxywitha-5,24-dienolide) was isolated from the alkaloid fraction of the whole plant of Withania somnifera. In addition, there are three known compounds named withasomine 1, methyl isoferulate 2, and coagulin Q 4 were also isolated. The structures of isolated compounds were identified using different spectroscopic methods such as 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS spectroscopy. The alkaloid fraction and the four isolated compounds were tested for their pesticidal activity against four piercing sucking pests (Aphis craccivora Koch, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, Nezara viridula Linnaeus, and Tetranychus urticae Koch) that attack many strategic crops under laboratory conditions, along with azadirachtin (Okios 3.2% EC) as a positive control. The results showed that the alkaloid compound (withasomine 1) was the most toxic to A. craccivora, B. tabaci, N. viridula, and T. urticae, with LC50 values of 15.44, 36.61, 85.11, and 128.28 ppm, respectively, compared with the control. Withanolide compounds had moderate effects on all tested pests. Biochemical parameters of six enzymes; α-esterase, β-esterase, chitinase, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase, and peroxidase of A. craccivora were estimated at the LC50 value of the most potent compound, withasomine 1 and the values were 38.83, 72.86, 31.45, 506.4, 2.62, and 251.0, respectively. The results demonstrated that all enzymes activity levels were increased compared with the control except a remarkable inhibition in AChE enzyme level was observed compared with control. Therefore, the alkaloid fraction of W. somnifera is a promising extract that contains many active compounds that can be used as a natural pesticide against many harmful pests in agriculture crops.

中文翻译：

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睡茄的生物活性化合物及其对某些刺吸式害虫的毒性

刺吸式害虫对世界各地的许多战略作物具有破坏性。植物源农药可用于控制这些害虫。从睡茄全草生物碱部分中分离得到新的睡茄内酯衍生物3，命名为sominone A ((20R,22R)-1α,3β,20,27-四羟基witha-5,24-二烯内酯)。此外，还分离出三种已知化合物，分别为withasomine 1、methyl isoferulate 2和coagulin Q 4。使用不同的光谱方法（例如 1D、2D NMR 和 HRESIMS 光谱）鉴定了分离化合物的结构。测试了生物碱部分和四种分离的化合物对四种刺吸式害虫（Aphis craccivora Koch、Bemisia tabaci Gennadius、Nezara viridula Linnaeus 和 Tetranychus urticae Koch）的杀虫活性，这些害虫在实验室条件下与印楝素一起攻击许多战略作物。 Okios 3.2% EC)作为阳性对照。结果表明，生物碱化合物（withasomine 1）对A. craccivora、B. tabaci、N. viridula和T. urticae的毒性最强，LC50值分别为15.44、36.61、85.11和128.28 ppm。与控制。醉茄内酯化合物对所有测试的害虫都有中等程度的影响。六种酶的生化参数；A. craccivora 的 α-酯酶、β-酯酶、几丁质酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和过氧化物酶根据最有效的化合物 withasomine 1 的 LC50 值进行估计，值为 38.83、72.86、31.45、506.4、分别为 2.62 和 251.0。结果表明，与对照相比，除了AChE酶水平受到显着抑制外，所有酶活性水平均升高。因此，睡莲的生物碱部分是一种很有前途的提取物，其中含有许多活性化合物，可用作天然杀虫剂，防治农作物中的许多有害害虫。