Suicide is a public-health concern that has been linked to multiple biological, psychological, and social risk factors. Rural living is purported to be a unique risk for suicide for myriad reasons. Yet there are some concerns with rural suicidology, notably regarding defining and operationalizing “rural.” Furthermore, the last comprehensive review of rural suicide is approximately 10 years old. With this in mind, in the current review, we offer (a) a comprehensive and updated overview of the operationalization and variability of rural in rural suicidology and (b) a summary of differences in direct and indirect suicide factors between rural and nonrural regions and whether potential differences depend on how rural is operationalized. Results indicate a high degree of heterogeneity in defining rural, rendering conclusions about both direct and indirect rural suicide risks unclear. We therefore present a set of recommendations for rural suicidologists to apply to enhance the understanding of suicide and, ultimately, prevent death by suicide in rural regions.

中文翻译：

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农村自杀：系统回顾和建议

自杀是一个公共健康问题，与多种生物、心理和社会风险因素有关。由于多种原因，农村生活被认为是一种独特的自杀风险。然而，人们对农村自杀学存在一些担忧，特别是在定义和实施“农村”方面。此外，最近一次对农村自杀的全面审查大约是在10年前。考虑到这一点，在当前的审查中，我们提供了（a）对农村自杀学的操作性和变异性的全面和最新概述，以及（b）对农村和非农村地区之间直接和间接自杀因素差异的总结潜在差异是否取决于农村的运作方式。结果表明，对农村的定义存在高度异质性，导致有关农村直接和间接自杀风险的结论不明确。因此，我们向农村自杀学家提出了一系列建议，以增强对自杀的理解，并最终防止农村地区自杀死亡。