Interstitial fluid (ISF), a biological fluid rich in diverse biomarkers and analytes and similar to blood composition, has garnered significant attention as a valuable source of clinically relevant information. Consequently, ISF-based wearable biosensors are emerging as powerful tools for non-invasive and minimally invasive disease diagnosis, personalized medicine, and other healthcare and biomedical applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in ISF-based biosensors, with a particular focus on wearable ISF sensors. We first offer insights into ISF biomarkers and sampling techniques and discuss recent ISF sensing strategies that encompass materials, fabrication methods, and sensing mechanisms. Then, we present a comprehensive overview of their applications. Finally, we address the challenges faced in this field and offer a forward-looking perspective on promising future directions.

间质液（ISF）是一种富含多种生物标志物和分析物且与血液成分相似的生物液体，作为临床相关信息的宝贵来源而受到广泛关注。因此，基于 ISF 的可穿戴生物传感器正在成为无创和微创疾病诊断、个性化医疗以及其他医疗保健和生物医学应用的强大工具。本综述全面概述了基于 ISF 的生物传感器的最新进展，特别关注可穿戴 ISF 传感器。我们首先提供对 ISF 生物标志物和采样技术的见解，并讨论最新的 ISF 传感策略，包括材料、制造方法和传感机制。然后，我们对其应用进行全面概述。最后，我们解决了该领域面临的挑战，并对有希望的未来方向提供了前瞻性的观点。