Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods (for example, mosquitoes, ticks and sandflies) to humans and wild and domestic animals, with the largest burden on global public health disproportionately affecting people in tropical and subtropical areas. Because vectors are ectothermic, climate and weather alterations (for example, temperature, rainfall and humidity) can affect their reproduction, survival, geographic distribution and, consequently, ability to transmit pathogens. However, the effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases can be multifaceted and complex, sometimes with ambiguous consequences. In this Review, we discuss the potential effects of climate change, weather and other anthropogenic factors, including land use, human mobility and behaviour, as possible contributors to the redistribution of vectors and spread of vector-borne diseases worldwide.

媒介传播疾病通过吸血节肢动物（例如蚊子、蜱虫和白蛉）传播给人类以及野生和家畜，对全球公共卫生造成最大负担，对热带和亚热带地区的人们影响尤为严重。由于病媒是变温动物，气候和天气变化（例如温度、降雨和湿度）会影响它们的繁殖、生存、地理分布，从而影响其传播病原体的能力。然而，气候变化对媒介传播疾病的影响可能是多方面且复杂的，有时会产生模糊的后果。在本综述中，我们讨论了气候变化、天气和其他人为因素（包括土地利用、人类流动和行为）的潜在影响，这些因素可能导致病媒在全球范围内重新分布和病媒传播疾病的传播。