Schizophrenia patients have abnormalities in white matter (WM) integrity in brain regions. S100B has been shown to be a marker protein for glial cells. The atypical antipsychotics have neuroprotective effects on the brain. It is not clear whether antipsychotics can induce S100B changes and improve symptoms by protecting oligodendrocytes. To investigate WM and S100B changes and associations and determine the effect of quetiapine on WM and S100B in schizophrenia patients, we determined serum S100B levels with solid phase immunochromatography and fractional anisotropy（FA）values of 36 patients and 40 healthy controls. Patients exhibited significantly higher serum concentrations of S100B and decreased FA values in left postcentral，right superior frontal，right thalamus, and left inferior occipital gyrus, while higher in right temporal cortex WM compared with healthy controls. Following treatment with quetiapine, patients had decreased S100B and higher FA values in right cerebellum，right superior frontal，right thalamus, and left parietal cortex，and decreased FA values in right temporal cortex WM compared with pre-treatment values. Furthermore, S100B were negatively correlated with PANSS positive scores and positively correlated with FA values in the left postcentral cortex. In addition，the percentage change in FA values in the right temporal cortex was positively correlated with the percentage change in the S100B, percentage reduction in PANSS scores, and percentage reduction in PANSS-positive scores. Our findings demonstrated abnormalities in S100B and WM microstructure in patients with schizophrenia. These abnormalities may be partly reversed by quetiapine treatment.

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症用药前后血清S100B蛋白及白质变化

精神分裂症患者的大脑区域白质（WM）完整性异常。 S100B 已被证明是神经胶质细胞的标记蛋白。非典型抗精神病药对大脑具有神经保护作用。目前尚不清楚抗精神病药物是否可以通过保护少突胶质细胞诱导S100B变化并改善症状。为了研究精神分裂症患者WM和S100B的变化和关联，并确定喹硫平对WM和S100B的影响，我们采用固相免疫层析法测定了36名患者和40名健康对照者的血清S100B水平和分数各向异性（FA）值。与健康对照相比，患者的血清 S100B 浓度显着升高，左侧中央后区、右侧额上叶、右侧丘脑和左侧枕下回 FA 值降低，而右侧颞叶皮层 WM 值较高。喹硫平治疗后，与治疗前相比，患者右侧小脑、右上额叶、右侧丘脑和左侧顶叶皮层 S100B 降低，FA 值升高，右侧颞叶皮层 WM FA 值降低。此外，S100B 与 PANSS 阳性评分呈负相关，与左后中央皮质的 FA 值呈正相关。此外，右侧颞叶皮层FA值变化百分比与S100B变化百分比、PANSS评分下降百分比以及PANSS阳性评分下降百分比呈正相关。我们的研究结果表明，精神分裂症患者的 S100B 和 WM 微观结构存在异常。这些异常可以通过喹硫平治疗部分逆转。