Utilizing a randomized, blind, controlled experiment, and the ascending method of limits, we determined the minimum amplitude of motion at which individuals perceive a tactile illusion called moving phantom sensation, the perceived level of clarity and continuity of motion. Implementing tactile illusions in virtual/augmented reality, sensory substitution systems, and other human–computer interaction technologies results in interfaces with improved resolution, using two vibrating actuators only. The actuators are attached to the skin in different locations to render a moving phantom sensation. The intensity of vibrations increases in one actuator while decreases in the other according to the envelope of the voltage supply signals. This intensity variation creates the illusion of a vibrating point moving between the actuators. We gradually increased the amplitude of motion until the participant reported perceiving the illusion, for eight values of duration of the stimulus from 0.1 to 6.0 s. Participants perceived the illusion at a minimum amplitude of motion of 20%; being 100% the motion from one actuator to the other. The median level of clarity of the perceived illusion at the minimum amplitude of motion was 2 (not so clear). Finally, we found a positive correlation between duration and continuity of motion.

中文翻译：

---

幻觉：运动触觉错觉的阈值和质量指标

利用随机、盲目、受控实验和极限递增方法，我们确定了个体感知触觉错觉（称为移动幻觉）的最小运动幅度，即运动的清晰度和连续性的感知水平。在虚拟/增强现实、感觉替代系统和其他人机交互技术中实现触觉错觉，仅使用两个振动执行器即可提高界面的分辨率。执行器附着在皮肤的不同位置，以呈现移动的幻觉。根据电压源信号的包络，一个致动器的振动强度增加，而另一个致动器的振动强度减小。这种强度变化产生了振动点在执行器之间移动的错觉。我们逐渐增加运动幅度，直到参与者报告感知到幻觉，刺激持续时间有八个值，从 0.1 秒到 6.0 秒。参与者在最小运动幅度为 20% 时感知到幻觉； 100% 是从一个执行器到另一个执行器的运动。在最小运动幅度下感知错觉的清晰度中位数为 2（不太清晰）。最后，我们发现运动的持续时间和连续性之间存在正相关关系。