In the summer of 2021, unusually intense wildfires happened in southwestern Turkey, especially in Antalya and Mugla with destroying effects on forests, wildlife, and communities residing there. This study aims to understand the air quality impacts of these wildfires. A time period (June–September 2021) covering pre-, fire, and post-periods was investigated using NO ground-based observations and TROPOMI CO, HCHO, and NO satellite retrievals along with VIIRS FRP. Eight fire regions were selected for detailed analysis in Antalya (An-1-2), Mugla (Mu-1-4), and Mersin (Me-1-2). The highest fire intensity was found in An-1 and followed by Mu-1. CO also showed strongest signals over An-1 (6.73 × 10 molecules/cm) with highest levels (1.44 × 10 molecules/cm) in the downwind of the wildfires. NO showed fire signals in or in very close proximity to the fire regions with strongest signal and largest impact area in An-1 (>8.75 × 10 molecules/cm). HCHO showed a different pattern due to HCHO undergoing chemical production and loss in the wildfire plume. HCHO highest levels were not observed over the fire regions, but inside the transported plume with maximum levels for An-1 (3.60 × 10 molecules/cm) and for An-2 (3.23 × 10 molecules/cm). CO and NO increase continued not only in fire, but also in post-fire period, whereas HCHO levels indicated decreases in post-fire compared to pre-fire period. The increases in column concentrations in fire period ranges from 17.6 to 123.1% for CO, 40.6–116.5% for HCHO and 34.4–294.5% for NO. Higher increases were observed over the Mediterranean Sea especially for CO. Correlations with FRP indicated highest correlations with CO and NO and low correlations with HCHO. This study showed that the capability of sparse, ground-level air quality monitoring stations to capture wildfire impacts are limited in the region, because the plume transport was driven by wind direction and wildfire smoke plumes are elevated due to buoyancy. Satellite retrievals are better for capturing the wildfire plume transport and estimating the overall air quality impacts of wildfires.

中文翻译：

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调查 2021 年野火对土耳其西南部空气质量的影响

2021 年夏天，土耳其西南部发生了异常严重的野火，特别是安塔利亚和穆拉，对森林、野生动物和居住的社区造成了破坏。这项研究旨在了解这些野火对空气质量的影响。使用 NO 地面观测、TROPOMI CO、HCHO 和 NO 卫星检索以及 VIIRS FRP 对涵盖前、火灾和后时期的时间段（2021 年 6 月至 9 月）进行了调查。选择了安塔利亚 (An-1-2)、穆格拉 (Mu-1-4) 和梅尔辛 (Me-1-2) 的八个火区进行详细分析。 An-1 的火灾强度最高，其次是 Mu-1。 CO 还显示出比 An-1 最强的信号（6.73 × 10 分子/厘米），在野火的顺风处水平最高（1.44 × 10 分子/厘米）。 NO 在 An-1 中信号最强、影响面积最大（>8.75 × 10 分子/cm）的火灾区域内或非常接近火灾区域显示火灾信号。由于 HCHO 在野火羽流中发生化学反应和损失，因此 HCHO 显示出不同的模式。 HCHO 最高水平并未在火灾区域观察到，而是在输送羽流内部，An-1（3.60 × 10 分子/厘米）和 An-2（3.23 × 10 分子/厘米）的水平最高。 CO 和 NO 不仅在火灾中持续增加，而且在火灾后期间也持续增加，而 HCHO 水平表明火灾后与火灾前相比有所下降。火灾期间，CO 柱浓度增加范围为 17.6% 至 123.1%，HCHO 为 40.6% - 116.5%，NO 浓度为 34.4% - 294.5%。在地中海上空观察到较高的增加，尤其是 CO。与 FRP 的相关性表明与 CO 和 NO 的相关性最高，与 HCHO 的相关性较低。这项研究表明，该地区稀疏的地面空气质量监测站捕捉野火影响的能力有限，因为羽流输送是由风向驱动的，而野火烟羽由于浮力而升高。卫星检索更适合捕获野火羽流传输并估计野火对空气质量的整体影响。