IntroductionDeep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown remarkable success treating neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, dystonia, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. DBS is now being explored to improve cognitive and functional outcomes in other psychiatric conditions, such as those characterized by reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) function (i.e., schizophrenia). While DBS for movement disorders generally involves high-frequency (>100 Hz) stimulation, there is evidence that low-frequency stimulation may have beneficial and persisting effects when applied to cognitive brain networks.MethodsIn this study, we utilize a novel technology, functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI), to characterize the cerebrovascular impact of medial septal nucleus (MSN) DBS under conditions of NMDA antagonism (pharmacologically using Dizocilpine [MK-801]) in anesthetized male mice.ResultsImaging from a sagittal plane across a variety of brain regions within and outside of the septohippocampal circuit, we find that MSN theta-frequency (7.7 Hz) DBS increases hippocampal cerebral blood volume (CBV) during and after stimulation. This effect was not present using standard high-frequency stimulation parameters [i.e., gamma (100 Hz)].DiscussionThese results indicate the MSN DBS increases circuit-specific hippocampal neurovascular activity in a frequency-dependent manner and does so in a way that continues beyond the period of electrical stimulation.

中文翻译：

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Theta 频率内侧间隔核深部脑刺激可增加 MK-801 治疗小鼠的神经血管活动

简介深部脑刺激（DBS）在治疗神经和精神疾病方面取得了显着的成功，包括帕金森病、特发性震颤、肌张力障碍、癫痫和强迫症。目前正在探索 DBS 来改善其他精神疾病的认知和功能结果，例如那些以 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸 (NMDA) 功能降低为特征的疾病（即精神分裂症）。虽然针对运动障碍的 DBS 通常涉及高频（>100 Hz）刺激，但有证据表明，当应用于认知大脑网络时，低频刺激可能会产生有益且持久的效果。 方法在这项研究中，我们利用了一种新技术，功能性超声成像 (fUSI)，以表征麻醉雄性小鼠在 NMDA 拮抗作用（药理学上使用地佐西平 [MK-801]）条件下内侧间隔核 (MSN) DBS 的脑血管影响。结果从矢状面跨越多个大脑区域进行成像在隔海马环路内外，我们发现 MSN θ 频率（7.7 Hz）DBS 在刺激期间和刺激后增加了海马脑血容量（CBV）。使用标准高频刺激参数 [即伽马 (100 Hz)] 时不存在这种效果。 讨论这些结果表明 MSN DBS 以频率依赖的方式增加电路特定的海马神经血管活动，并且以一种持续超过电刺激的时期。