Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases with a complex pathogenesis. Aggregations formed by abnormal deposition of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) lead to synapse dysfunction of the dopamine and non-dopamine systems. The loss of dopaminergic neurons and concomitant alterations in non-dopaminergic function in PD constitute its primary pathological manifestation. Positron emission tomography (PET), as a representative molecular imaging technique, enables the non-invasive visualization, characterization, and quantification of biological processes at cellular and molecular levels. Imaging synaptic function with PET would provide insights into the mechanisms underlying PD and facilitate the optimization of clinical management. In this review, we focus on the synaptic dysfunction associated with the αSyn pathology of PD, summarize various related targets and radiopharmaceuticals, and discuss applications and perspectives of PET imaging of synaptic dysfunction in PD.

帕金森病（PD）是最常见的神经退行性疾病之一，发病机制复杂。α-突触核蛋白 (αSyn) 异常沉积形成的聚集体导致多巴胺和非多巴胺系统的突触功能障碍。PD 中多巴胺能神经元的丧失和伴随的非多巴胺能功能的改变构成其主要病理表现。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）作为代表性的分子成像技术，能够在细胞和分子水平上对生物过程进行非侵入性可视化、表征和量化。使用 PET 对突触功能进行成像将有助于深入了解 PD 的机制，并有助于优化临床管理。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注与PD αSyn病理相关的突触功能障碍，总结了各种相关靶点和放射性药物，并讨论了PET成像在PD突触功能障碍中的应用和前景。