: Globally, one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths is colon cancer. As this form of cancer has a tremendous potential to metastasize, effective treatment is complicated and sometimes impossible. Despite the improvement of conventional chemotherapy and the advent of targeted therapies, overcoming multi-drug resistance (MDR) and side effects remain significant challenges. As a therapeutic intervention for targeted gene silencing in cancer, RNA technology shows promise and certain RNA-based formulations are currently undergoing clinical studies. Various studies have reported that RNA-based nanoparticles have demonstrated substantial promise for targeted medication delivery, gene therapy, and other biomedical applications. However, using RNA as a therapeutic tool presents severe limitations, mainly related to its low stability and poor cellular uptake. Nanotechnology offers a flexible and tailored alternative due to the difficulties in delivering naked RNA molecules safely in vivo, such as their short half-lives, low chemical stability, and susceptibility to nuclease degradation. In addition to shielding RNA molecules from immune system attacks and enzymatic breakdown, the nanoparticle-based delivery systems allow RNA accumulation at the tumor site. The potential of RNA and RNA-associated nanomedicines for the treatment of colon cancer, as well as the prospects for overcoming any difficulties related to mRNA, are reviewed in this study, along with the current progress of mRNA therapeutics and advancements in designing nanomaterials and delivery strategies.

中文翻译：

---

释放 RNA 纳米颗粒的潜力：克服结肠癌治疗挑战的突破性方法

：在全球范围内，癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一是结肠癌。由于这种癌症具有巨大的转移潜力，有效的治疗很复杂，有时甚至是不可能的。尽管传统化疗取得了进步并且靶向治疗出现了，但克服多药耐药性（MDR）和副作用仍然是重大挑战。作为癌症靶向基因沉默的治疗干预措施，RNA 技术显示出前景，某些基于 RNA 的制剂目前正在进行临床研究。各种研究报告称，基于 RNA 的纳米颗粒已在靶向药物输送、基因治疗和其他生物医学应用中展现出巨大的前景。然而，使用RNA作为治疗工具存在严重的局限性，主要与其稳定性低和细胞摄取差有关。由于在体内安全地递送裸RNA分子存在困难，例如半衰期短、化学稳定性低以及对核酸酶降解敏感，纳米技术提供了灵活且定制的替代方案。除了保护 RNA 分子免受免疫系统攻击和酶分解之外，基于纳米颗粒的递送系统还允许 RNA 在肿瘤部位积累。本研究回顾了 RNA 和 RNA 相关纳米药物治疗结肠癌的潜力，以及克服 mRNA 相关困难的前景，以及 mRNA 治疗的当前进展以及纳米材料设计和递送方面的进展策略。