Mental illnesses have a huge impact on individuals, families, and society, so there is a growing need for more efficient treatments. In this context, brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has the potential to revolutionize the options for neuropsychiatric therapies. However, the development of BCI-based therapies faces enormous challenges, such as power dissipation constraints, lack of credible feedback mechanisms, uncertainty of which brain areas and frequencies to target, and even which patients to treat. Some of these setbacks are due to the large gap in our understanding of brain function. In recent years, large-scale genomic analyses uncovered an unprecedented amount of information regarding the biology of the altered brain function observed across the psychopathology spectrum. We believe findings from genetic studies can be useful to refine BCI technology to develop novel treatment options for mental illnesses. Here, we assess the latest advancements in both fields, the possibilities that can be generated from their intersection, and the challenges that these research areas will need to address to ensure that translational efforts can lead to effective and reliable interventions. Specifically, starting from highlighting the overlap between mechanisms uncovered by large-scale genetic studies and the current targets of deep brain stimulation treatments, we describe the steps that could help to translate genomic discoveries into BCI targets. Because these two research areas have not been previously presented together, the present article can provide a novel perspective for scientists with different research backgrounds.

中文翻译：

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将基因组发现转化为脑机接口和深部脑刺激设备目标的视角

精神疾病对个人、家庭和社会产生巨大影响，因此越来越需要更有效的治疗方法。在这种背景下，脑机接口（BCI）技术有可能彻底改变神经精神治疗的选择。然而，基于BCI的疗法的发展面临着巨大的挑战，例如功耗限制、缺乏可靠的反馈机制、目标大脑区域和频率的不确定性，甚至治疗哪些患者的不确定性。其中一些挫折是由于我们对大脑功能的理解存在巨大差距。近年来，大规模基因组分析发现了前所未有的大量关于在整个精神病理学谱系中观察到的大脑功能改变的生物学信息。我们相信基因研究的结果有助于完善脑机接口技术，以开发治疗精神疾病的新治疗方案。在这里，我们评估了这两个领域的最新进展、它们交叉产生的可能性，以及这些研究领域需要解决的挑战，以确保转化努力能够带来有效和可靠的干预措施。具体来说，从强调大规模基因研究发现的机制与当前深部脑刺激治疗目标之间的重叠开始，我们描述了有助于将基因组发现转化为 BCI 目标的步骤。由于这两个研究领域以前没有一起介绍过，因此本文可以为具有不同研究背景的科学家提供一个新颖的视角。