Material efficiency (ME), making products with less material or substituting with less carbon‐intensive material without a loss of functionality, can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and complement other strategies to mitigate climate change. Seven ME strategies for cars and homes in the G7 countries were recently modeled in a study by the International Resource Panel. Modeling indicates that ME strategies focusing on construction and use of homes could lower the overall cumulative emissions in the G7 between 2016 and 2060 by 8.5 Gt CO2e (20%), while ME strategies for the production and use of cars could reduce up to 12 Gt (24%). For both homes and cars, the strategy of more intensive use—where fewer or smaller products are required to provide the same basic service—showed the greatest potential. A review of existing ME policies reveals that attention to ME in climate policy has been limited. Policy toward ME has historically focused on waste management rather than GHG reduction. Ex post evaluation of policies that do exist, especially for recycling and related waste strategies, is infrequent. Framing efficient use of materials as a measure primarily intended for climate mitigation is relatively recent and uncommon. Production‐related policy opportunities have been neglected because using ME to reduce GHGs is novel in some sectors and because increased ME faces economic and social barriers. Rebound effects where reduction of the cost of housing or transportation can increase material consumption offsetting potential gains, a problem for all efficiency‐based approaches, is understudied and not currently addressed through policy.This article is categorized under: The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing Demand

中文翻译：

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家庭和汽车材料效率政策：实现新的气候变化缓解战略

材料效率（ME），即用更少的材料制造产品或用碳密集度较低的材料替代而不损失功能，可以减少温室气体（GHG）排放并补充其他缓解气候变化的策略。国际资源小组最近的一项研究模拟了七国集团国家汽车和住房的七项 ME 战略。模型表明，专注于住宅建设和使用的 ME 战略可以将 2016 年至 2060 年间七国集团的总体累积排放量降低 8.5 Gt CO2e (20%)，而汽车生产和使用的 ME 策略最多可减少 12 Gt (24%)。对于家庭和汽车来说，更密集使用的策略（需要更少或更小的产品来提供相同的基本服务）显示出最大的潜力。对现有 ME 政策的审查表明，气候政策对 ME 的关注有限。ME 政策历来侧重于废物管理而不是温室气体减排。对现有政策（尤其是回收和相关废物战略）的事后评估很少。制定有效利用材料的措施主要是旨在缓解气候变化的举措相对较新且不常见。与生产相关的政策机会被忽视，因为利用 ME 来减少温室气体排放在某些部门是新颖的，而且增加 ME 面临经济和社会障碍。住房或交通成本的降低会增加材料消耗抵消潜在收益的反弹效应，这是所有基于效率的方法的一个问题，尚未得到充分研究，目前尚未通过政策解决。本文分类如下： 碳经济和减缓气候变化 > 政策、工具、生活方式、行为 碳经济和减缓气候变化 > 能源脱碳和/或减少需求