Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) presents a significant global health challenge with considerable cardiovascular implications. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has gained recognition for its potential as a natural antioxidant supplement in the management of diabetes and its associated cardiovascular complications. Aim. This comprehensive review systematically examines the scientific rationale underlying the therapeutic properties of CoQ10 in mitigating the impact of diabetes and its cardiovascular consequences. The analysis encompasses preclinical trials (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and mechanisms of action of CoQ10. Result & Discussion. Findings reveal that CoQ10, through its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes, demonstrates significant potential in reducing oxidative stress, ameliorating lipid profiles, and regulating blood pressure, which are crucial aspects in managing diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications. CoQ10, chemically represented as C₅₉H₉₀O₄, was administered in capsule form for human studies at doses of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mg per day and at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM in sterile powder for experimental investigations and 10 mg/kg in powder for mouse studies, according to the published research. Clinical trials corroborate these preclinical findings, demonstrating improved glycemic control, lipid profiles, and blood pressure in patients supplemented with CoQ10. Conclusion. In conclusion, CoQ10 emerges as a promising natural therapeutic intervention for the comprehensive management of diabetes and its associated cardiovascular complications. Its multifaceted impacts on the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway, oxidative stress, and metabolic regulation highlight its potential as an adjunct in the treatment of diabetes and related cardiovascular disorders. However, further extensive clinical investigations are necessary to fully establish its therapeutic potential and assess potential synergistic effects with other compounds.

中文翻译：

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辅酶 Q10：治疗糖尿病引起的心血管并发症的关键抗氧化剂——机制和临床证据概述

背景。糖尿病 (DM) 是一项重大的全球健康挑战，对心血管有相当大的影响。辅酶 Q10 (CoQ10) 因其作为天然抗氧化剂补充剂在治疗糖尿病及其相关心血管并发症方面的潜力而获得认可。目的。这篇全面的综述系统地探讨了辅酶 Q10 在减轻糖尿病及其心血管后果方面的治疗特性的科学原理。该分析包括临床前试验（体外和体内）和评估 CoQ10 功效和作用机制的临床研究。结果与讨论。研究结果表明，CoQ10 凭借其强大的抗氧化和抗炎特性，在减少氧化应激、改善血脂和调节血压方面表现出巨大的潜力，这些都是控制糖尿病引起的心血管并发症的关键方面。CoQ10，化学表示为 C ₅₉ H ₉₀ O ₄，以胶囊形式施用用于人体研究，剂量为每天 50、100、150、200 和 300 mg，浓度为 10 和 20  μM的无菌粉末用于实验根据已发表的研究，进行了调查，并以 10 毫克/千克的粉末形式进行了小鼠研究。临床试验证实了这些临床前发现，证明补充 CoQ10 的患者的血糖控制、血脂和血压得到改善。结论。总之，CoQ10 成为一种有前景的自然治疗干预措施，可用于综合管理糖尿病及其相关心血管并发症。它对 Nrf2/Keap1/ARE 通路、氧化应激和代谢调节的多方面影响凸显了其作为糖尿病和相关心血管疾病的辅助治疗的潜力。然而，需要进一步广泛的临床研究来充分确定其治疗潜力并评估与其他化合物的潜在协同作用。