Enzymes play a crucial role in various industrial sectors. These biocatalysts not only ensure sustainability and safety but also enhance process efficiency through their unique specificity. Lipases possess versatility as biocatalysts and find utilization in diverse bioconversion reactions. Presently, microbial lipases are gaining significant focus owing to the rapid progress in enzyme technology and their widespread implementation in multiple industrial procedures. This updated review presents new knowledge about various origins of microbial lipases, such as fungi, bacteria, and yeast. It highlights both the traditional and modern purification methods, including precipitation and chromatographic separation, the immunopurification technique, the reversed micellar system, the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), and aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF), moreover, delves into the diverse applications of microbial lipases across several industries, such as food, vitamin esters, textile, detergent, biodiesel, and bioremediation. Furthermore, the present research unveils the obstacles encountered in employing lipase, the patterns observed in lipase engineering, and the application of CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology for altering the genes responsible for lipase production. Additionally, the immobilization of microorganisms’ lipases onto various carriers also contributes to enhancing the effectiveness and efficiencies of lipases in terms of their catalytic activities. This is achieved by boosting their resilience to heat and ionic conditions (such as inorganic solvents, high-level pH, and temperature). The process also facilitates the ease of recycling them and enables a more concentrated deposition of the enzyme onto the supporting material. Consequently, these characteristics have demonstrated their suitability for application as biocatalysts in diverse industries.

酶在各个工业部门中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些生物催化剂不仅确保可持续性和安全性，还通过其独特的特异性提高工艺效率。脂肪酶具有作为生物催化剂的多功能性，可用于多种生物转化反应。目前，由于酶技术的快速进步及其在多种工业过程中的广泛应用，微生物脂肪酶受到广泛关注。这篇更新的综述提出了有关微生物脂肪酶各种来源的新知识，例如真菌、细菌和酵母。它重点介绍了传统和现代的纯化方法，包括沉淀和色谱分离、免疫纯化技术、反胶束系统、水两相系统（ATPS）和水两相浮选（ATPF），并深入探讨了微生物脂肪酶在食品、维生素酯、纺织品、洗涤剂、生物柴油和生物修复等多个行业的多种应用。此外，本研究揭示了使用脂肪酶时遇到的障碍、脂肪酶工程中观察到的模式，以及应用 CRISPR/Cas 基因组编辑技术来改变负责脂肪酶生产的基因。此外，将微生物脂肪酶固定在各种载体上也有助于提高脂肪酶催化活性的有效性和效率。这是通过提高它们对热和离子条件（例如无机溶剂、高 pH 值和温度）的适应能力来实现的。该过程还方便了它们的回收，并使酶能够更集中地沉积在支撑材料上。因此，这些特性证明了它们适合在不同行业中作为生物催化剂应用。