Rhizosphere functioning depends on plant traits, but the underlying genotypic properties are poorly understood. Wheat has undergone several domestication events combined with genomic hybridization, including the acquisition by (AABB genome) of the D genome from , resulting into bread wheat (AABBDD genome). The D genome is likely to modulate the functioning of beneficial wheat-microbe interactions, but data are needed to substantiate this. Here, we tested the hypothesis that genome D is important for soil interactions of wheat with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase producers, a key microbial functional group that enhances plant performance by fine-tuning ethylene metabolism in roots. A range of wheat lines from (AABBDD), (AABB) and (DD) were compared based on abundance (qPCR on gene marker), diversity (Illumina MiSeq) and potential ACC deaminase activity (colorimetric assays) of ACC deaminase producers in the rhizosphere. Results showed that the abundance of ACC deaminase producers was lower for D-genome wheats than D-negative at 40 days, but ACC deaminase potential activity in the rhizosphere was lower for D-genome and landraces than cultivars (recent and old), while D-negative was in between. Rhizosphere community structure of and differed from that of , and differences occurred also between various genotype categories of . Overall, the acquisition of the D genome has had a negative impact on the ability of wheat to recruit ACC deaminase producers in soil, but bread wheats resulting from recent breeding displayed improved ACC deaminase activity in the rhizosphere.

中文翻译：

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D 基因组的获得和育种对小麦与土壤中 ACC 脱氨酶产生者的相互作用或根际 ACC 脱氨酶的潜在活性产生重大影响

根际功能取决于植物性状，但人们对其潜在的基因型特性知之甚少。小麦经历了几次与基因组杂交相结合的驯化事件，包括从 D 基因组（AABB 基因组）获得，从而形成面包小麦（AABBDD 基因组）。 D 基因组可能调节有益的小麦-微生物相互作用的功能，但需要数据来证实这一点。在这里，我们测试了基因组 D 对于小麦与 1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸盐 (ACC) 脱氨酶生产者的土壤相互作用很重要的假设，ACC 脱氨酶是一种关键的微生物功能群，通过微调根部乙烯代谢来增强植物性能。根据根际 ACC 脱氨酶生产者的丰度（基因标记上的 qPCR）、多样性（Illumina MiSeq）和潜在 ACC 脱氨酶活性（比色测定），对来自 (AABBDD)、(​​AABB) 和 (DD) 的一系列小麦品系进行了比较。结果表明，40 天时，D 基因组小麦的 ACC 脱氨酶生产者丰度低于 D 阴性小麦，但 D 基因组和地方品种根际 ACC 脱氨酶潜在活性低于品种（新品种和老品种），而 D 基因组小麦根际 ACC 脱氨酶潜在活性低于品种（新品种和老品种）。 - 阴性介于两者之间。的根际群落结构与 的根际群落结构不同，不同基因型类别之间也存在差异。总体而言，D 基因组的获得对小麦在土壤中招募 ACC 脱氨酶产生者的能力产生了负面影响，但最近育种产生的面包小麦在根际表现出改善的 ACC 脱氨酶活性。