To improve the sensitivity of the Coriolis mass flowmeter (CMF) when measuring the mass flow rate of liquid hydrogen (LH), this study investigates and compares the performance of measuring tubes with various shapes but identical lengths. The aim is to elucidate the mechanisms how the tube shapes affect the sensitivity of the CMF. An iterative fluid-structure interaction (FSI) calculation framework is developed on the ANSYS 2021R1 platform and validated using experimental results of water on a dual U-tube CMF. By employing the orthogonal test method in conjunction with numerical analysis, the tube structure is optimized. The variables considered for optimization include the length of the vertical and horizontal tubes, as well as the radius of the curved tube. Modal characteristics are analyzed, and their influence on the measurement performance of CMF is summarized. Additionally, the Coriolis force acting along the measuring tube, which is the primary factor causing the phase difference, is extracted to explore its impact. The results demonstrate that optimizing the measuring tube structure significantly increases measurement sensitivity, resulting in a larger phase difference. Furthermore, a dimensionless parameter is identified, exhibiting a strong correlation with measurement sensitivity. This parameter can serve as an approximation method for preliminary optimization of the measuring tube, effectively reducing the complexity of fluid-structure coupling calculations. More interestingly, the results of this research also indicated that the structural optimization results of the CMF with water and LH as the working fluids are the same.

中文翻译：

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液氢科里奥利质量流量计测量管结构优化

为了提高科里奥利质量流量计（CMF）测量液氢（LH）质量流量时的灵敏度，本研究对不同形状但相同长度的测量管的性能进行了研究和比较。目的是阐明管形状如何影响 CMF 灵敏度的机制。在 ANSYS 2021R1 平台上开发了迭代流固耦合 (FSI) 计算框架，并使用双 U 形管 CMF 上的水实验结果进行了验证。采用正交试验方法结合数值分析对管体结构进行优化。优化时考虑的变量包括垂直管和水平管的长度以及弯管的半径。分析了模态特性，总结了它们对CMF测量性能的影响。此外，还提取了沿测量管作用的科里奥利力，这是引起相位差的主要因素，以探讨其影响。结果表明，优化测量管结构显着提高了测量灵敏度，从而产生更大的相位差。此外，还确定了一个无量纲参数，与测量灵敏度具有很强的相关性。该参数可以作为测量管初步优化的近似方法，有效降低流固耦合计算的复杂度。更有趣的是，本研究结果还表明，以水和LH为工作液的CMF的结构优化结果是相同的。