Stainless steel (SS) alloys are prevalent in many industries, household appliances or other commodities, where a strict control of surface properties is required to tailor their interaction with the environment. In this work we report a new procedure of stainless steel surface processing that provides a multifunctional response including superhydrophobicity, omniphobicity, self-cleaning, anti-fouling and effective anti-icing capacity, while still preserving a corrosion resistance similar to that of this material in compact form. The method consists of a first nanostructuration step followed by a low fluorination. The nanostructured surfaces presented a dual scale roughness of hierarchical character. The liquid free approach developed in this work to get this singular surface nanostructuration entails a first laser treatment of stainless steel flat substrates, followed by the deposition of a nanostructured thin layer of this material by electron beam evaporation in an oblique angle configuration. The resulting hierarchical surfaces were subjected to fluorination by: (i) the plasma-assisted deposition of a thin Teflon-like coating or (ii) the grafting of fluorinated molecules. The self-cleanable, anti-adherent and ice repellent character of the resulting low fluorinated surfaces outperformed the behaviour of classical slippery surfaces obtained by the infusion of high amounts of fluorinated liquids. These hierarchical SS surfaces withstood mild abrasion tests and the effect of water jets. Moreover, the corrosion behaviour of the fluorinated surfaces determined through their potentiodynamic analysis revealed a similar corrosion resistance than the flat SS substrates. Outstandingly, after these corrosion tests, the fluorinated samples obtained by grafting preserved their surface functionalities without significant degradation. The high mechanical and chemical stability of these low fluorinated samples support their usage for a large variety of applications.

中文翻译：

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持久耐用的低氟化不锈钢分层表面，适用于防腐蚀、防污和防冰应用

不锈钢 (SS) 合金广泛应用于许多行业、家用电器或其他商品中，需要严格控制表面性能以适应其与环境的相互作用。在这项工作中，我们报告了一种不锈钢表面处理的新工艺，该工艺提供了多功能反应，包括超疏水性、全疏水性、自清洁、防污和有效的防冰能力，同时仍然保持与该材料类似的耐腐蚀性。紧凑的形式。该方法由第一个纳米结构步骤和随后的低氟化组成。纳米结构表面呈现出分级特征的双尺度粗糙度。这项工作中开发的获得这种奇异表面纳米结构的无液体方法需要首先对不锈钢平面基材进行激光处理，然后通过电子束蒸发以斜角配置沉积该材料的纳米结构薄层。所得的分层表面通过以下方式进行氟化：（i）等离子体辅助沉积薄的聚四氟乙烯类涂层或（ii）氟化分子的接枝。所得低氟化表面的自清洁、抗粘附和防冰特性优于通过注入大量氟化液体获得的经典光滑表面的性能。这些分层的不锈钢表面经受住了轻微的磨损测试和水射流的影响。此外，通过动电位分析确定的氟化表面的腐蚀行为显示出与平面不锈钢基材相似的耐腐蚀性。值得注意的是，在这些腐蚀测试之后，通过接枝获得的氟化样品保留了其表面功能而没有明显退化。这些低氟化样品的高机械和化学稳定性支持其用于多种应用。