The all-in-one E-fueled solar flow battery system that can be recharged with liquid fuel is a new type of power system. It can continuously convert solar energy into liquid fuel without relying on external power supply equipments. However, the interface between the photoanode and the electrolyte often exhibits unsteady behavior, resulting in poor performance of the system. In this work, the {201} facets are selected and the impact of two doping treatment strategies for TiO {201} photoanode on the performance of the E-fueled solar flow battery system is systematically studied through the I-t curve, linear sweep voltammetry, Mott-Schottky plot. The results show that the un-biased photocharging current of bulk-doped TiO can reach 2.7 mA·cm in the battery system test, only relying on the self-built electric field at the interface, and the energy conversion efficiency approaches 2.67 %. In addition, the performance is analyzed by the combination of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and other characterizations, with the aim of distinguishing the effects of bulk- and surface-doped Mn and accurately revealing the mechanism of their influences from the outside to the inside. Finally, the optimization rules of the un-biased light charging mode of the system are explored.

中文翻译：

---

从外到内：电力驱动太阳能液流电池系统中 Mn 本体和表面掺杂 TiO2{201} 的功效比较

可使用液体燃料充电的一体式太阳能液流电池系统是一种新型的电力系统。它可以连续地将太阳能转化为液体燃料，无需依赖外部供电设备。然而，光电阳极和电解质之间的界面经常表现出不稳定的行为，导致系统性能不佳。本工作选择{201}晶面，通过It曲线、线性扫描伏安法、Mott系统研究了TiO {201}光阳极的两种掺杂处理策略对电子燃料太阳能液流电池系统性能的影响-肖特基图。结果表明，在电池系统测试中，仅依靠界面自建电场，体掺杂TiO的无偏光充电电流即可达到2.7 mA·cm，能量转换效率接近2.67%。此外，结合透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱等表征手段对其性能进行分析，旨在区分体掺杂和表面掺杂Mn的影响，准确揭示其机理。他们的影响是从外到内的。最后探讨了系统无偏光充电模式的优化规则。