Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of organic compounds, which is of significant relevance in the context of drinking water treatment. This importance stems from its well-established role as the primary precursor of potentially harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) when subjected to chemical disinfection processes. Characterizing DOM in drinking water is a challenging task due to its inherent heterogeneity and the wide range of organic compounds it contains. Additionally, the composition of DOM can vary based on the source water quality and the specific treatment processes employed. Advanced analytical techniques, such as non-targeted analyses using ultrahigh- or high-resolution mass spectrometry [(U-)HRMS], are improving our understanding of the nature of specific organic compounds present in DOM and their potential to form DBPs. In this review, the most commonly used non-targeted (U-)HRMS approaches for analyzing DOM in raw and treated waters are reported, and their application as a monitoring tool to track changes in DOM and the formation of DBPs in drinking waters is assessed. Moreover, recommendations for achieving a common and comparable DOM fingerprint approach for drinking water among different laboratories and instruments are provided. The non-targeted (U-)HRMS results reviewed here provide DOM indexes and ranges that can assist in tracking the various effects of drinking water treatment processes. Overall, DOM characterization using non-targeted (U-)HRMS is presented as an effective tool for evaluating treatment processes, predicting DBP formation, and the assessment of drinking water quality for human consumption.

中文翻译：

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对溶解有机物进行非靶向（超）高分辨率质谱分析以预测消毒副产物的形成

溶解有机物 (DOM) 是有机化合物的复杂混合物，在饮用水处理中具有重要意义。这种重要性源于其在化学消毒过程中作为潜在有害消毒副产物 (DBP) 的主要前体的既定作用。由于饮用水中 DOM 固有的异质性及其含有的有机化合物种类繁多，表征饮用水中的 DOM 是一项具有挑战性的任务。此外，DOM 的成分可能因水源水质和所采用的具体处理工艺而异。先进的分析技术，例如使用超高或高分辨率质谱 [(U-)HRMS] 的非靶向分析，正在增进我们对 DOM 中特定有机化合物的性质及其形成 DBP 的潜力的理解。在这篇综述中，报告了用于分析原水和处理水中 DOM 的最常用的非靶向 (U-)HRMS 方法，并评估了它们作为跟踪 DOM 变化和饮用水中 DBP 形成的监测工具的应用。此外，还提供了在不同实验室和仪器之间实现通用且可比较的饮用水 DOM 指纹方法的建议。这里回顾的非目标 (U-)HRMS 结果提供了 DOM 指数和范围，可以帮助跟踪饮用水处理过程的各种影响。总体而言，使用非靶向 (U-)HRMS 进行 DOM 表征被认为是评估处理过程、预测 DBP 形成以及评估人类饮用的饮用水质量的有效工具。