Coal deformation and damage are the fundamental causes of mining disasters. This paper proposes an intelligent sensing method of infrared thermal imaging applied to the characterization analysis of deformation and damage of coal mass during loading. The thermal infrared imager and crack monitoring equipment were used to jointly monitor the average infrared radiation temperature (AIRT) and damage pattern of coal samples under the combined disturbance of dynamic and static loads during uniaxial loading. The time–frequency characteristics of infrared radiation during the destruction of coal samples were analyzed; a crack recognition model based on Mask R-CNN was constructed to identify and detect different crack shapes after the destruction of coal samples. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of the coal sample under static load is greater than the combined disturbance of dynamic and static loads, the degree of deformation and damage of the coal sample is more severe, and the cracks are more obvious; the uniaxial compressive strength of the coal sample under the combined disturbance of low-frequency dynamic and static loads is higher than that of the high-frequency composite disturbance of dynamic and static loads. Composite disturbance of frequency, dynamic and static loads; a DST analysis method for coal sample fracture and a new index of coal sample damage degree are proposed. The research results can provide reference for early warning of coal and rock deformation and damage.

煤体变形破坏是矿难发生的根本原因。提出一种红外热成像智能传感方法，应用于煤体加载过程中变形与损伤的表征分析。利用热红外成像仪和裂纹监测设备联合监测单轴加载动静载荷联合扰动下煤样的平均红外辐射温度（AIRT）和损伤模式。分析了煤样破坏过程中红外辐射的时频特性；构建了基于Mask R-CNN的裂纹识别模型，用于识别和检测煤样破坏后的不同裂纹形状。结果表明，静载作用下煤样的单轴抗压强度大于动静载联合扰动，煤样变形破坏程度更严重，裂纹更明显；低频动静载荷复合扰动下煤样的单轴抗压强度高于高频动静载荷复合扰动下的煤样单轴抗压强度。频率、动、静载荷的复合扰动；提出了煤样断裂的DST分析方法和煤样损伤程度的新指标。研究成果可为煤岩变形损伤预警提供参考。