The common gastrointestinal commensal Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucin-degrading bacterium that is greatly reduced in individuals consuming a high-fat diet. Increasing evidence from a variety of clinical and pre-clinical studies suggests that oral supplementation with Akkermansia can improve metabolic health and moderate systemic inflammation. We and others have demonstrated a role for Akkermansia administration in protection against infectious disease and the outcome from sepsis. Very recent studies have indicated the molecular mechanisms by which A. muciniphila may interact with the host to influence systemic immune-regulation and control of microbial pathogenesis. Here we consider recent studies which demonstrate the efficacy of this potential next-generation probiotic in animal models of Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridioides difficile as well as influenza virus and phlebovirus. The potential mechanisms by which A. muciniphila may influence local and systemic immune responses are discussed.

中文翻译：

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传染病中的阿克曼氏菌：下一代益生菌的新目标？

常见的胃肠道共生粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌是一种粘蛋白降解细菌，在食用高脂肪饮食的个体中其数量大大减少。来自各种临床和临床前研究的越来越多的证据表明，口服补充阿克曼氏菌可以改善代谢健康并减轻全身炎症。我们和其他人已经证明了阿克曼氏菌管理在预防传染病和败血症结果方面的作用。最近的研究表明，A. muciniphila 可能与宿主相互作用，影响系统免疫调节和微生物发病机制的控制。在此，我们考虑最近的研究，这些研究证明了这种潜在的下一代益生菌在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和艰难梭菌以及流感病毒和白蛉病毒的动物模型中的功效。讨论了 A. muciniphila 影响局部和全身免疫反应的潜在机制。