This study examined the histological aberrations in the gill and liver tissues and behavioural changes of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings exposed to lethal concentrations of used Oilfield-based emulsifiers for 96 h. Various concentrations of the surfactants were tested, ranging from 0.0 to 15.0 ml/L. The behaviour of the fish was observed throughout the experiment, and the results showed that increasing concentrations of the surfactants led to progressively abnormal behaviour, including hyperventilation and altered opercular beat frequency. These behavioural changes indicated respiratory distress and neurotoxic effects. Histological analysis revealed structural aberrations in the gill and liver tissues, with higher concentrations causing more severe damage, such as lesions, necrosis, inflammation, and cellular degeneration. This implies that surfactants released even at low concentrations are capable of inducing changes in the tissues of aquatic organisms. These findings highlight the toxic effects of the surfactants on fish health and provide biomarkers of toxicity. Future research should focus on understanding the specific mechanisms and long-term consequences of surfactant toxicity on fish genetic composition, populations, and ecosystems to implement effective conservation measures.

中文翻译：

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使用组织病理学和行为改变作为方案，常用油田乳化剂对几内亚罗非鱼（Tilapia guineensis）的生态毒性

本研究检查了几内亚罗非鱼鱼种暴露于致死浓度的油田基乳化剂 96 小时后的鳃和肝脏组织的组织学畸变以及行为变化。测试了表面活性剂的各种浓度，范围为0.0至15.0ml/L。在整个实验过程中观察了鱼的行为，结果表明，表面活性剂浓度的增加导致鱼的行为逐渐异常，包括过度换气和改变鳃盖搏动频率。这些行为变化表明呼吸窘迫和神经毒性作用。组织学分析揭示了鳃和肝脏组织的结构畸变，浓度越高会造成更严重的损害，例如病变、坏死、炎症和细胞变性。这意味着即使在低浓度下释放的表面活性剂也能够引起水生生物组织的变化。这些发现强调了表面活性剂对鱼类健康的毒性作用，并提供了毒性的生物标志物。未来的研究应侧重于了解表面活性剂毒性对鱼类遗传组成、种群和生态系统的具体机制和长期影响，以实施有效的保护措施。