Understanding the relationships between motor proficiency (MP) and physical fitness (PF) is important for the future health of children, although longitudinal findings of this nature are limited. This study explored the association between MP and PF during earlier childhood (6 and 9 years old) and later childhood (12 years old) in boys and girls. A stratified and randomized research design including a baseline and two follow-up time-point measures (2010, 2013, and 2016) were used. Primary school children (N = 374, boys = 178; girls = 196) were tested with the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor-Proficiency-2, Short Form, and the Test of Gross Motor Development- 2, at ages 6 and 9 years, and with the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run test at age 12. Spearman Rank Order Correlations and stepwise regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Although of a low magnitude, proof of a dynamic longitudinal, but a stable relationship between MP and PF were found and with different gender-specific relationships in this pathway of association. A small but significant percentage of variation in PF at 12 years could be explained by overall motor competence (MC) and object control skills (OCS) at the ages of 6 and 9 years. Among girls, the association with PF at 12 years was influenced by both OCS, and MC, although only MC contributed to the variation found in boys. Socio-economic status made an insignificant contribution at 6 years to later PF in boys, but not in girls. MC, including OCS during early and middle childhood can be considered as possible triggers of physical activity which again, can increase PF during later childhood. Obtaining early competence in these developmental areas is therefore important to promote positive and sustainable trajectories of health with long-term health outcomes.

中文翻译：

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儿童早期和晚期运动熟练程度与身体健康之间关联的纵向路径：NW-CHILD 研究

了解运动熟练度（MP）和体能（PF）之间的关系对于儿童未来的健康很重要，尽管这种性质的纵向研究结果有限。本研究探讨了男孩和女孩童年早期（6 岁和 9 岁）和童年后期（12 岁）MP 和 PF 之间的关联。使用分层和随机研究设计，包括基线和两个随访时间点测量（2010 年、2013 年和 2016 年）。对 6 岁和 9 岁的小学生（N = 374，男孩 = 178；女孩 = 196）进行了 Bruininks-Oseretsky 运动熟练程度测试 - 2（简式）和粗大运动发育测试 - 2 ，并在 12 岁时进行渐进式有氧心血管耐力跑测试。使用斯皮尔曼等级相关性和逐步回归分析来分析数据。尽管程度较低，但发现了 MP 和 PF 之间的动态纵向关系，但存在稳定的关系，并且在该关联途径中具有不同的性别特异性关系。12 岁时 PF 的一小部分但显着的变化可以用 6 岁和 9 岁时的整体运动能力 (MC) 和物体控制技能 (OCS) 来解释。在女孩中，12 岁时与 PF 的关联受到 OCS 和 MC 的影响，尽管只有 MC 导致了男孩中发现的变异。社会经济地位对男孩 6 岁时的 PF 影响不大，但对女孩则不然。MC，包括儿童早期和中期的 OCS，可以被认为是身体活动的可能触发因素，而身体活动又可以增加儿童后期的 PF。因此，尽早获得这些发展领域的能力对于促进积极和可持续的健康轨迹以及长期健康结果非常重要。