The significant increase of carbon dioxide (CO) concentration in the atmosphere is anticipated to contribute to global warming and climate instability. Reducing CO emissions has been set as the goal of numerous recent international initiatives. CO conversion into high-value products, including fuels, fuel chemicals, and building materials, has attracted great attention as it can provide a sustainable and long-term solution to the CO problem. Thermochemical conversion processes have been demonstrated as one of the fastest-growing CO utilization technologies, as evidenced by a remarkable increase in the number of research publications from 9375 to 15,750 per year within four years (2020–2023). This review article provides an analysis of thermochemical CO transformation technologies based on their final products in terms of advantages/disadvantages, technology readiness level (TRL), market price, global market size, and publication statistics. In addition, the review evaluates potential technical barriers and offers insightful perspectives, challenges, and recommendations for fostering the growth of the industry. The primary challenges impeding the growth of the market for certain products, such as formic acid, dimethyl ether, syngas, and formaldehyde, are mainly associated with the high costs of the technologies involved, which must be lower than those of traditional products to compete in the current market.

中文翻译：

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将二氧化碳热化学转化为高价值产品

大气中二氧化碳（CO）浓度的显着增加预计将导致全球变暖和气候不稳定。减少二氧化碳排放已被确定为近期许多国际倡议的目标。将二氧化碳转化为高价值产品，包括燃料、燃料化学品和建筑材料，因其可以为二氧化碳问题提供可持续和长期的解决方案而受到高度关注。热化学转化过程已被证明是增长最快的二氧化碳利用技术之一，四年内（2020-2023）研究出版物数量从每年 9375 份显着增加到 15,750 份就证明了这一点。这篇综述文章根据最终产品的优点/缺点、技术成熟度 (TRL)、市场价格、全球市场规模和出版物统计数据对热化学 CO 转化技术进行了分析。此外，该审查还评估了潜在的技术障碍，并为促进行业发展提供了富有洞察力的观点、挑战和建议。阻碍某些产品（例如甲酸、二甲醚、合成气和甲醛）市场增长的主要挑战主要与所涉及技术的高成本有关，这些技术必须低于传统产品才能参与竞争。目前的市场。