Over the past few decades, diabetes gradually has become one of the top non‐communicable disorders, affecting 476.0 million in 2017 and is predicted to reach 570.9 million people in 2025. It is estimated that 70 to 100% of all diabetic patients will develop some if not all, diabetic complications over the course of the disease. Despite different symptoms, mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic complications are similar, likely stemming from deficits in both neuronal and vascular components supplying hyperglycaemia‐susceptible tissues and organs. Diaph1, protein diaphanous homolog 1, although mainly known for its regulatory role in structural modification of actin and related cytoskeleton proteins, in recent years attracted research attention as a cytoplasmic partner of the receptor of advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) a signal transduction receptor, whose activation triggers an increase in proinflammatory molecules, oxidative stressors and cytokines in diabetes and its related complications. Both Diaph1 and RAGE are also a part of the RhoA signalling cascade, playing a significant role in the development of neurovascular disturbances underlying diabetes‐related complications. In this review, based on the existing knowledge as well as compelling findings from our past and present studies, we address the role of Diaph1 signalling in metabolic stress and neurovascular degeneration in diabetic complications. In light of the most recent developments in biochemical, genomic and transcriptomic research, we describe current theories on the aetiology of diabetes complications, highlighting the function of the Diaph1 signalling system and its role in diabetes pathophysiology.

中文翻译：

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哺乳动物 Diaphanous1 信号在糖尿病神经血管并发症中的作用

在过去的几十年里，糖尿病逐渐成为最主要的非传染性疾病之一，2017年影响了4.76亿人，预计到2025年将达到5.709亿人。据估计，所有糖尿病患者中70%至100%会出现一些糖尿病。即使不是全部，糖尿病病程中也会出现并发症。尽管症状不同，但糖尿病并发症发生的机制相似，可能源于供应高血糖易感组织和器官的神经元和血管成分的缺陷。 Diaph1，蛋白质透明同源物 1，虽然主要因其在肌动蛋白和相关细胞骨架蛋白的结构修饰中的调节作用而闻名，但近年来作为信号转导受体晚期糖基化终产物受体 (RAGE) 的细胞质伴侣引起了研究关注，其激活会引发糖尿病及其相关并发症中促炎分子、氧化应激源和细胞因子的增加。 Diaph1 和 RAGE 也是 RhoA 信号级联的一部分，在糖尿病相关并发症的神经血管紊乱的发展中发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述中，基于现有的知识以及我们过去和现在研究的令人信服的发现，我们探讨了 Diaph1 信号在糖尿病并发症的代谢应激和神经血管变性中的作用。根据生化、基因组和转录组学研究的最新进展，我们描述了糖尿病并发症病因学的最新理论，强调了 Diaph1 信号系统的功能及其在糖尿病病理生理学中的作用。