Magnetic reconnection is a critically important process in defining the dynamics and energy transport within plasma environments. In near-Earth space we may track where and when reconnection occurs by identifying associated coherent magnetic structures. On a global scale these structures facilitate the flow of mass and magnetic flux into, within, and out of the magnetospheric system, whilst contributing to local plasma heating. In the Earth's magnetotail there are two similar structures we identify in this work: magnetic flux ropes and loops. We present a robust, automated and model independent method by which encounters with such structures may be identified using the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. The magnetic structures are first identified through their magnetic field signatures at a single spacecraft (MMS1), including checks on the local minimum variance coordinate system. Next, the local curvature of the magnetic field is evaluated with all four MMS spacecraft. Finally, the plasma conditions are checked to ensure that the interpretation is fully self-consistent. We evaluate the data obtained by MMS between 2017 and 2022. In total we find 181 self-consistent magnetic flux ropes and 263 magnetic loops, which fit an exponentially decaying size distribution with a scale size comparable to the ion gyroradius (∼0.23 R_E/1,400 km). If we remove the requirements on the plasma properties of the structure, we locate 648 potential magnetic flux ropes and 1,073 magnetic loops. The magnetic structures are preferentially observed in the pre-midnight region of the magnetotail, with most identifications occurring beyond 20 R_E. All catalogs are provided to the community.

中文翻译：

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地球磁尾中的离子级磁通量绳和环：对 2017 年至 2022 年 MMS 数据的自动综合调查

磁重联是定义等离子体环境中的动力学和能量传输的一个至关重要的过程。在近地空间，我们可以通过识别相关的相干磁结构来追踪重新连接发生的地点和时间。在全球范围内，这些结构促进质量和磁通量流入、流出磁层系统，同时有助于局部等离子体加热。在地球的磁尾中，我们在这项工作中发现了两种类似的结构：磁通绳和磁环。我们提出了一种稳健、自动化且独立于模型的方法，通过该方法可以使用磁层多尺度（MMS）任务来识别与此类结构的接触。首先通过单个航天器 (MMS1) 上的磁场特征来识别磁性结构，包括检查局部最小方差坐标系。接下来，使用所有四个 MMS 航天器评估磁场的局部曲率。最后，检查等离子体条件以确保解释完全自洽。我们评估了 2017 年至 2022 年间通过 MMS 获得的数据。我们总共发现了 181 个自洽磁通绳和 263 个磁环，它们符合指数衰减尺寸分布，其尺度尺寸与离子陀螺半径相当（∼0.23 R _E / 1,400 公里）。如果我们去除对结构的等离子体特性的要求，我们会定位 648 个潜在磁通绳和 1,073 个磁环。_{磁性结构优先在磁尾的}午夜前区域观察到，大多数识别发生在 20 RE以上。所有目录均提供给社区。