SummaryThe role of neurogenesis in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) merits much attention. The complex process by which stem cells produce daughter cells that in turn differentiate into neurons, migrate various distances, and form synaptic connections that are then refined by neuronal activity or experience is integral to the development of the nervous system. Given the continued postnatal neurogenesis that occurs in the mammalian olfactory system, it provides an ideal model for understanding how disruptions in distinct stages of neurogenesis contribute to the pathophysiology of various NDDs. This review summarizes and discusses what is currently known about the disruption of neurogenesis within the olfactory system as it pertains to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and Rett syndrome. Studies included in this review used either human subjects, mouse models, or Drosophila models, and lay a compelling foundation for continued investigation of NDDs by utilizing the olfactory system.

中文翻译：

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神经发育障碍中嗅觉系统神经发生的缺陷

摘要神经发生在神经发育障碍（NDD）中的作用值得高度关注。干细胞产生子细胞的复杂过程，子细胞又分化为神经元，迁移不同距离，形成突触连接，然后通过神经元活动或经验进行完善，这是神经系统发育不可或缺的一部分。鉴于哺乳动物嗅觉系统中持续发生的出生后神经发生，它为了解神经发生不同阶段的破坏如何影响各种 NDD 的病理生理学提供了一个理想的模型。这篇综述总结并讨论了目前已知的关于嗅觉系统内神经发生破坏的知识，因为它与注意力缺陷/多动障碍、自闭症谱系障碍、唐氏综合症、脆性 X 综合症和雷特综合症有关。本综述中的研究使用了人类受试者、小鼠模型或果蝇模型，并为利用嗅觉系统继续研究 NDD 奠定了令人信服的基础。