: The urgent need for novel antibiotics in the face of escalating global antimicrobial resistance necessitates innovative approaches to identify bioactive compounds. Actinomycetes, renowned for their prolific production of antimicrobial agents, stand as a cornerstone in this pursuit. Their diverse metabolites exhibit multifaceted bioactivities, including potent antituberculosis, anticancer, immunomodulatory, immuno-protective, antidiabetic, etc. Though terrestrial sources have been exploited significantly, contemporary developments in the field of antimicrobial drug discovery have put marine actinomycetes in a prominent light as a promising and relatively unexplored source of novel bioactive molecules. This is further boosted by post-genomic era advances like bioinformatics-based secretome analysis and reverse engineering that have totally revitalized actinomycetes antibiotic research. This review highlights actinomycetes-based chemically diverse scaffolds and clinically validated antibiotics along with the enduring significance of actinomycetes from untouched ecosystems, especially with recent advanced techniques in the quest for next-generation antimicrobials.

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放线菌 - 多种生物活性化学分子的全部：从结构到抗生素

：面对不断升级的全球抗菌素耐药性，迫切需要新型抗生素，因此需要采用创新方法来识别生物活性化合物。放线菌以其大量生产抗菌剂而闻名，是这一追求的基石。它们多样化的代谢物表现出多方面的生物活性，包括有效的抗结核、抗癌、免疫调节、免疫保护、抗糖尿病等。尽管陆地来源已被大量开发，但当代抗菌药物发现领域的发展使海洋放线菌作为一种重要的生物活性物质而受到重视。新型生物活性分子的有前途且相对未经探索的来源。基于生物信息学的分泌组分析和逆向工程等后基因组时代的进步进一步推动了这一趋势，这些进步彻底振兴了放线菌抗生素研究。这篇综述强调了基于放线菌的化学多样性支架和临床验证的抗生素，以及来自未受影响的生态系统的放线菌的持久重要性，特别是在寻求下一代抗菌药物方面的最新先进技术。