Background

The interrelation of cancer with venous thromboembolism is established, yet the specific impact on the incidence and progression of superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) remains unclear.

Objectives

To investigate the association between SVT and malignancies, focusing on risk factors, presentation, course and complications.

Methods

A single-center prospective observational study of patients diagnosed with DVT or SVT referred to a venous thromboembolism clinic between January 2013 and April 2018.

Results

Of the 632 patients, 205 presented with SVT at referral, 16.6% having active cancer. Significant associations were found between active cancer and the risk of developing proximal SVT (RR 1.54 [1.18–2.03] p < 0.01), SVT within 3 cm from junction (RR 2.01 [1.13–3.72] p = 0.019), bilateral SVT (RR 8.38 [2.10-33.43] p < 0.01) and SVT affecting multiple veins (RR 2.42 [1.40–4.20] p < 0.01), with a higher risk of persistence (RR 1.51 [1.18–1.95] p < 0.01) and progression (RR 5.75 [2.23–14.79] p < 0.01) at initial assessment. Patients with SVT and no malignancy history demonstrated an elevated risk for new-onset cancer during follow-up (RR 1.43 [1.13–1.18] p = 0.022), especially in cases of proximal or bilateral SVT, initial progression or subsequent DVT or PE. No significant differences were observed in persistence, recurrence or complications during initial evaluation or follow-up across different pharmacological treatments.

Conclusions

Research suggests a probable link between cancer history and the development of SVT. SVT presented more severely in cancer patients. SVT, especially in its more complex forms, could serve as a predictive marker for the future development of cancer. Treatment approaches varied, no significant differences in outcomes were noted.

中文翻译：

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浅静脉血栓形成及其与恶性肿瘤的关系：一项前瞻性观察研究

背景

癌症与静脉血栓栓塞的相互关系已确定，但其对浅静脉血栓 (SVT) 发生和进展的具体影响仍不清楚。

目标

调查 SVT 与恶性肿瘤之间的关联，重点关注危险因素、表现、病程和并发症。

方法

一项单中心前瞻性观察研究，对象是 2013 年 1 月至 2018 年 4 月期间转诊至静脉血栓栓塞诊所的诊断为 DVT 或 SVT 的患者。

结果

在 632 名患者中，205 名在转诊时出现 SVT，其中 16.6% 患有活动性癌症。活动性癌症与发生近端 SVT 的风险之间存在显着相关性 (RR 1.54 [1.18–2.03] p  < 0.01)、距交界处 3 cm 以内的 SVT (RR 2.01 [1.13–3.72] p  = 0.019)、双侧 SVT (RR) 8.38 [2.10-33.43] p  < 0.01）和影响多条静脉的 SVT（RR 2.42 [1.40–4.20] p  < 0.01），持续性风险较高（RR 1.51 [1.18–1.95] p  < 0.01）和进展风险（RR 5.75 [2.23–14.79] p  < 0.01) 初始评估。患有 SVT 但无恶性肿瘤病史的患者在随访期间表现出新发癌症的风险升高 (RR 1.43 [1.13–1.18] p  = 0.022)，特别是在近端或双侧 SVT、初始进展或随后的 DVT 或 PE 的情况下。在不同药物治疗的初始评估或随访期间，在持续性、复发或并发症方面没有观察到显着差异。

结论

研究表明癌症病史与 SVT 的发生之间可能存在联系。SVT 在癌症患者中表现得更为严重。SVT，尤其是其更复杂的形式，可以作为癌症未来发展的预测标志。治疗方法各不相同，但结果没有显着差异。