The European Commission plans to achieve the decarbonization of dozens of European Union (EU) islands by 2030. This would reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower the dependency of islands on imported fuels, and potentially reduce local energy prices. At the same time, it may accelerate the mainland’s own energy transition through the import of surplus energy from renewable sources, the provision of aggregated flexibility services, and the testing of both technologies and policies on islands for replication and adaptation on the continent. Although islands are not even a legal category per se in EU energy law, the existing legal framework already allows to harness various concepts to foster the energy transition of EU islands. This article reviews available legal qualifications and regimes such as small systems’ exemptions, energy communities, positive energy districts, and local flexibility markets in the context of the decarbonization of EU islands. Potentially, they could open many different ways to tailor local energy transitions, channelling local actions to accelerate the whole process.

中文翻译：

---

利用欧盟法律概念实现岛屿能源转型

欧盟委员会计划到 2030 年实现数十个欧盟 (EU) 岛屿的脱碳。这将减少温室气体排放，降低岛屿对进口燃料的依赖，并有可能降低当地能源价格。同时，还可以通过进口可再生能源剩余能源、提供聚合的灵活性服务以及在岛屿上进行技​​术和政策测试以在大陆复制和适应来加速大陆自身的能源转型。尽管岛屿本身在欧盟能源法中并不是一个法律类别，但现有的法律框架已经允许利用各种概念来促进欧盟岛屿的能源转型。本文回顾了欧盟岛屿脱碳背景下现有的法律资格和制度，例如小型系统的豁免、能源社区、正能源区和当地灵活性市场。他们可能会开辟许多不同的方式来定制当地的能源转型，引导当地的行动来加速整个过程。