Abstract

Universal stress proteins (USPs) are widely distributed and play crucial roles in cellular responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. These roles include regulating cell growth and development, cell motility, hypoxia responses, and ion sequestration. With the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events due to climate change, pathogens have developed different strategies to withstand environmental stresses, in which USPs play a significant role in their survival and virulence. In this study, we analyzed the importance of USPs in various organisms, such as archaea, plants, and fungi, as a parameter that influences their survival. We discussed the different types Of USPs and their role, aiming to carry out fundamental research in this field to identify significant constraints for better understanding of USP functions at molecular level. Additionally, we discussed concepts and research techniques that could help overcome these hurdles and facilitate new molecular approaches to better understand and target USPs as important stress adaptation and survival regulators. Although the precise characteristics of USPs are still unclear, numerous innovative uses have already been developed, tested, and implemented. Complementary approaches to basic research and applications, as well as new technology and analytical techniques, may offer insights into the cryptic but crucial activities of USPs in various living systems.

Graphical Abstract

Shows the different environmental stresses faced by plants and microbes and how they respond by generating stress proteins, which are enhanced when stressors trigger organisms and help the organism in stress tolerance and resistance and the pathogenesis of microbes.

中文翻译：

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细菌、植物中通用应激蛋白 (USP) 的分子、结构和功能多样性及其生物技术应用

摘要

通用应激蛋白（USP）分布广泛，在细胞对生物和非生物应激的反应中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些作用包括调节细胞生长和发育、细胞运动、缺氧反应和离子隔离。随着气候变化导致的极端天气事件的频率和强度不断增加，病原体已经发展出不同的策略来抵御环境压力，其中USP在其生存和毒力方面发挥着重要作用。在这项研究中，我们分析了 USP 在古细菌、植物和真菌等各种生物体中的重要性，作为影响其生存的参数。我们讨论了不同类型的 USP 及其作用，旨在开展该领域的基础研究，以确定在分子水平上更好地理解 USP 功能的重要限制。此外，我们讨论了有助于克服这些障碍并促进新分子方法的概念和研究技术，以更好地理解和瞄准 USP 作为重要的应激适应和生存调节剂。尽管 USP 的确切特征仍不清楚，但许多创新用途已经被开发、测试和实施。基础研究和应用的补充方法，以及新技术和分析技术，可能有助于深入了解 USP 在各种生命系统中神秘但至关重要的活动。

图形概要

展示植物和微生物面临的不同环境胁迫以及它们如何通过产生应激蛋白来做出反应，当应激源触发生物体时，应激蛋白会增强，帮助生物体耐受和抵抗逆境以及微生物的发病机制。