Ships that are navigating in ice covered waters are at risk of colliding with icebergs or ice floes, which can lead to severe damage to the ship‘s hull in certain conditions. Predicting these loads is of great importance for the design and safety of ships. Ice loads are driven by a range of parameters, including ice properties such as the compressive strength, the geometry of the ship's hull and values related to the interaction (e.g. impact velocity). Classification rules and requirements for polar vessels account for these parameters to a certain extent. However, sea ice exhibits not only variability of its properties but also the geometry of the ice shows a high degree of diversity: icebergs and ice floes exist in multiple different shapes. Therefore, this paper addresses the ice-structure interaction process, focusing on the influence of the initial ice contact shape and its impact on the local load. Additionally, the paper explores the feasibility of pinpointing geometric parameters of the ice responsible for influencing these loads. Ultimately, understanding which ice shape in contact poses the greatest risk would be valuable for improving numerical simulations for the worst case scenario and, consequently, enhancing the safety of ships in ice-prone environments.

中文翻译：

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冰形状对冰结构冲击载荷的影响

在冰雪覆盖的水域中航行的船舶存在与冰山或浮冰相撞的风险，在某些情况下可能会导致船体严重损坏。预测这些载荷对于船舶的设计和安全非常重要。冰载荷由一系列参数驱动，包括冰的特性，例如抗压强度、船体的几何形状以及与相互作用相关的值（例如冲击速度）。极地船舶的入级规则和要求在一定程度上考虑了这些参数。然而，海冰不仅表现出其特性的可变性，而且冰的几何形状也表现出高度的多样性：冰山和浮冰以多种不同的形状存在。因此，本文讨论了冰-结构相互作用过程，重点研究初始冰接触形状的影响及其对局部载荷的影响。此外，本文还探讨了精确定位影响这些载荷的冰几何参数的可行性。最终，了解哪种接触的冰形状构成最大风险对于改进最坏情况的数值模拟非常有价值，从而提高船舶在易结冰环境中的安全性。