This study aims to provide a valuable reference for selecting appropriate damage evolution models (DEMs) when simulating the behavior of repeated low-velocity impacts (LVIs). Four DEMs are systematically evaluated in simulating mechanical response, dissipated energy, damage evolution, and accumulation under three repeated impacts. 3D Puck failure criteria and various DEMs combined with element characteristic lengths associated with physical fracture modes are used to predict repeated LVI damage behavior. Delamination behavior is simulated by zero-thickness cohesive elements. Two damage indexes are proposed to quantify and compare the damage distribution and accumulation. The post-peak softening and LVI behavior predicted by four DEMs are compared and verified through representative volume elements simulation and LVI experiments. The findings reveal that DEMs have varying degrees of influence on the mechanical response, damage evolution, damage distribution, and accumulation under repeated impacts. The exponential models proposed by P. Maimı et al. and Matzenmiller et al. are more suitable to simulate mechanical response or damage accumulation behavior under repeated impacts than the linear damage evolution model due to their non-linear post-peak softening characteristics. In contrast, Linde model shows brittle behavior due to the rapid damage accumulation during repeated impacts, rendering it unsuitable for repeated impact simulation.

中文翻译：

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损伤演化模型在模拟复合材料层合板重复低速冲击行为中的适用性评估

本研究旨在为模拟重复低速撞击（LVIs）行为时选择合适的损伤演化模型（DEM）提供有价值的参考。对四个 DEM 进行系统评估，模拟三种重复冲击下的机械响应、耗散能量、损伤演变和累积。 3D Puck 失效准则和各种 DEM 与与物理断裂模式相关的单元特征长度相结合，用于预测重复的 LVI 损坏行为。分层行为由零厚度粘性单元模拟。提出了两个损伤指标来量化和比较损伤分布和累积。通过代表性体积元模拟和 LVI 实验对四个 DEM 预测的峰后软化和 LVI 行为进行了比较和验证。研究结果表明，DEM 对重复冲击下的机械响应、损伤演化、损伤分布和累积有不同程度的影响。 P. Maimı 等人提出的指数模型。和马岑米勒等人。由于其非线性峰后软化特性，比线性损伤演化模型更适合模拟重复冲击下的机械响应或损伤累积行为。相比之下，Linde 模型由于重复冲击过程中损伤快速积累而表现出脆性行为，使其不适合重复冲击模拟。