Objective:To determine whether girls and boys with ADHD show distinct impairments in components of cognitive control across multiple tasks (go/no-go, stop signal, and flanker) and performance metrics (response speed, variability, and errors).Method:A total of 300 children, ages 8 to 12 years with ADHD ( n = 210, 58 girls) or typically developing (TD; n = 99, 37 girls), completed all tasks. Traditional response measures (e.g., mean and standard deviation of reaction time, inhibition errors, and stop signal reaction time) and ex-Gaussian modeling of reaction times (mu, sigma, and tau) were analyzed.Results:Girls showed intact response inhibition in the context of slower response speed, while boys made more inhibition errors and did not slow their response speed. Both girls and boys with ADHD showed higher response variability and poorer interference control than TD children.Conclusion:Girls and boys with ADHD show distinct impairments in cognitive control that may be important for understanding the pathophysiology of ADHD.

中文翻译：

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性别对多动症认知控制的影响：女孩抑制较慢，男孩抑制较少，两者都表现出较高的反应变异性

目的：确定患有 ADHD 的女孩和男孩在多项任务（进行/不进行、停止信号和侧卫）和绩效指标（反应速度、变异性和错误）的认知控制成分中是否表现出明显的障碍。方法：A共有 300 名年龄在 8 至 12 岁的 ADHD 儿童（n = 210，58 名女孩）或正常发育儿童（TD；n = 99，37 名女孩）完成了所有任务。分析了传统的反应测量（例如，反应时间的平均值和标准差、抑制误差和停止信号反应时间）和反应时间的前高斯模型（mu、sigma 和 tau）。 结果：女孩在实验中表现出完整的反应抑制在反应速度较慢的背景下，而男孩则犯了更多的抑制错误，但并没有减慢他们的反应速度。与 TD 儿童相比，患有 ADHD 的女孩和男孩都表现出较高的反应变异性和较差的干扰控制能力。结论：患有 ADHD 的女孩和男孩在认知控制方面表现出明显的损害，这可能对于理解 ADHD 的病理生理学很重要。