This paper aims to valorize the excavated earth (ExE) generated from the tunnel digging works, to elaborate excavated earth-based plasters for masonry walls. Excavated earth is an admixture of water, gravel, sand, and fine particles. A small amount of gravel (<4% by weight) was removed, and the tunnel-excavated earth is used to elaborate plasters. Cement and slag are used as stabilizers in ExE-based plasters and reinforced with natural hemp fibers. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and hydric properties of ExE-based plasters are investigated. The increase in cement content affects the workability of ExE-based plasters in a fresh state, while the addition of natural hemp fibers has no significant effect on the workability. It has been demonstrated that the mechanical performances (compressive strength, flexural strength, and dynamic modulus) of ExE-based plasters increase with the increase of cement content and decrease with the increase in slag content. The hemp fiber addition (0.8% by weight) shows no considerable effect on the ExE-based plaster’s mechanical performance. As for the thermal properties, the increase of cement and slag contents negatively affects the thermal conductivity. The increase in cement content decreases the water absorption of earth-plasters. Except for some tests (shrinkage, main cohesion, and cracking tests), which have not been done in this study, the results of cement-stabilized ExE-based plasters (7% and 9%) are in accordance with the recommendation of the DIN 18947 standard, indicating that the tunnel excavated earth can be used as earth-plasters.

中文翻译：

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隧道开挖土基抹灰的湿热机械性能

本文旨在评估隧道挖掘工程中产生的挖土（ExE）的价值，以精心制作砌体墙的挖土灰泥。挖出的土是水、砾石、沙子和细颗粒的混合物。少量砾石（按重量计<4%）被去除，隧道开挖的土被用来制作灰泥。水泥和矿渣在 ExE 基石膏中用作稳定剂，并用天然大麻纤维增强。研究了基于 ExE 的石膏的物理、机械、热和水性能。水泥含量的增加影响新鲜状态下ExE基抹灰的和易性，而天然大麻纤维的添加对和易性没有显着影响。研究表明，ExE基抹灰的力学性能（抗压强度、抗折强度和动态模量）随着水泥含量的增加而增加，随着矿渣含量的增加而降低。大麻纤维的添加（按重量计 0.8%）对 ExE 基石膏的机械性能没有显着影响。就热性能而言，水泥和矿渣含量的增加会对热导率产生负面影响。水泥含量的增加降低了抹灰的吸水率。除本研究中未进行的一些测试（收缩、主内聚力和开裂测试）外，水泥稳定 ExE 基抹灰（7% 和 9%）的结果符合 DIN 的推荐18947标准，表明隧道开挖土方可用作抹灰。