In 1939, Hans Luxenburger published a detailed overview of the current status of schizophrenia genetics research, reaching six major conclusions. First, schizophrenia is clearly a hereditary disease. Second, however, schizophrenia is not the hereditary trait itself but rather the consequences of a slowly developing biological progress, the nature of which remains entirely unknown. Third, the full manifestation of the disorder requires certain environmental influences that must come into play. In around 30% of cases, the environment can inhibit hereditary factors so that the predisposition does not manifest in schizophrenia. Fourth, the mode of inheritance of schizophrenia remains unknown, although recessivity is more likely than dominance and monomerism is more likely than polymerism. Fifth, current evidence suggests that schizophrenia is likely etiologically homogenous. Sixth, schizophrenia is part of a hereditary circle that includes “normal” variants of the human personality (schizothymia), a pathological version of this dimension (schizoidia), and other schizophrenia‐like delusional syndromes. Luxenburger is skeptical of efforts to clarify further Mendelian transmission models in the absence of pathophysiological markers because schizophrenia cannot serve as a typical phenotype for genetic analysis. By contrast, he strongly supports empirical work on hereditary prognosis, which does not depend on assumptions about any particular phenotype–genotype relationship.

中文翻译：

---

卢森堡 1939 年发表的论文“精神分裂症及其遗传圈”

1939年，汉斯·卢森堡发表了对精神分裂症遗传学研究现状的详细概述，得出了六大结论。首先，精神分裂症显然是一种遗传性疾病。然而，其次，精神分裂症本身并不是遗传特征，而是缓慢发展的生物进步的后果，其本质仍然完全未知。第三，疾病的全面表现需要一定的环境影响才能发挥作用。在大约 30% 的病例中，环境可以抑制遗传因素，因此精神分裂症中不会表现出易感性。第四，精神分裂症的遗传方式仍然未知，尽管隐性遗传比显性遗传更有可能，单体遗传比聚合遗传更有可能。第五，目前的证据表明，精神分裂症在病因学上可能是同质的。第六，精神分裂症是遗传循环的一部分，其中包括人类人格的“正常”变异（精神分裂症）、该维度的病理版本（精神分裂症）以及其他类似精神分裂症的妄想综合症。卢森堡对在缺乏病理生理学标记的情况下进一步阐明孟德尔传播模型的努力持怀疑态度，因为精神分裂症不能作为遗传分析的典型表型。相比之下，他强烈支持遗传预后的实证研究，该研究不依赖于任何特定表型-基因型关系的假设。