Screening programs for early detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer (PC) and its precursor lesions are increasingly implemented worldwide to reduce disease-specific lethality. Given the relatively low prevalence of the disease, the ideal target of such approaches is an enriched cohort of individuals harboring a lifetime risk of developing PC significantly higher compared to the general population, given either a substantial aggregation of PC cases in their family (i.e. familial pancreatic cancer) or a genomic landscape enriched with pathogenic variants associated with pancreatic carcinogenesis (i.e. mutation carriers). In Italy, a national registry for the census and surveillance of high-risk individuals for PC was launched in 2015, enrolling some 1200 subjects as of today. In this perspective, the scientific background, multi-level structure, and evolution of IRFARPC are outlined, as well as its long-term results, future developments, and areas for improvement.

全球范围内越来越多地实施早期发现和治疗胰腺癌（PC）及其癌前病变的筛查计划，以减少疾病特异性致死率。鉴于该疾病的患病率相对较低，此类方法的理想目标是一组丰富的个体，这些个体一生中罹患 PC 的风险明显高于一般人群，因为其家庭中存在大量 PC 病例（即家族性病例）。胰腺癌）或富含与胰腺癌发生相关的致病变异（即突变携带者）的基因组景观。意大利于 2015 年启动了国家登记册，用于对 PC 高危人群进行普查和监测，截至目前已登记了约 1200 名受试者。从这个角度，概述了 IRARPC 的科学背景、多层次结构和演变，以及其长期成果、未来发展和需要改进的领域。