The Sudano-Sahelian and the high Guinea savannahs agroecological zones of Cameroon are suitable for the full development of tree crops, including mango. Unfortunately, fresh fruits exported to local and international markets are frequently rejected due to the presence of fruit fly larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae), resulting in drastic income losses and overuse of chemical control products. To promote sustainable management strategies, a 2-yr study (2020–2021) was conducted in 4 and 3 mixed orchards, respectively. Attacked mangoes showing signs of fruit fly damage were collected and taken to the laboratory to rear and identify fruit flies. Repeated grafting and agroclimatic differences were responsible for dissimilarities between the 2 zones, with 18 and 16 cultivars, respectively. From 2,857 attacked mangoes, 26,707 fruit flies belonging to 4 species were identified: Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis cosyra, Ceratitis fasciventris, and Ceratitis anonae. Climate change was the factor determining the distribution of the 2 most important mango fruit flies: B. dorsalis was a wetland species (dominance/occurrence > 70%), while C. cosyra was a dry-land species (dominance/occurrence > 75%). Both species were responsible for high levels of infestations. Bactrocera dorsalis preferred 3 mango cultivars, namely Palmer and Smith in Zone 1, and Ifack 1 in Zone 2 (infestation > 20 individuals/100 g of mango). The host-plant spectrum of C. cosyra was modified by alternative host plants. Both C. fasciventris and C. anonae were rare. Findings from this study could guide researchers in the development of monitoring tools for fruit fly populations and, subsequently, in reducing the damage they cause to mangoes.

中文翻译：

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喀麦隆 2 个农业生态区芒果（无患子目：漆树科）品种对果蝇（双翅目：实蝇科）的敏感性

喀麦隆的苏丹-萨赫勒和几内亚高草原农业生态区适合充分发展包括芒果在内的木本作物。不幸的是，出口到当地和国际市场的新鲜水果经常因果蝇幼虫（双翅目：实蝇科）的存在而被拒绝，导致严重的收入损失和化学控制产品的过度使用。为了促进可持续管理战略，分别在 4 个和 3 个混合果园进行了为期 2 年的研究（2020-2021 年）。收集了显示出果蝇受损迹象的受攻击芒果，并将其带到实验室饲养和识别果蝇。重复嫁接和农业气候差异是造成这两个区域之间差异的原因，分别有 18 个和 16 个品种。从 2,857 个受攻击的芒果中，鉴定出 26,707 只果蝇，分别属于 4 个物种：橘小实蝇 (Bactrocera dorsalis)、小实蝇 (Ceratitis cosyra)、法氏实蝇 (Ceratitis fasciventris) 和柑橘实蝇 (Ceratitis anonae)。气候变化是决定两种最重要的芒果果蝇分布的因素：B. dorsalis 是湿地物种（优势度/出现率 > 70%），而 C. cosyra 是旱地物种（优势度/出现率 > 70%）。 75%）。这两个物种都造成了高水平的感染。橘小实蝇偏爱3个芒果品种，即1区的Palmer和Smith，以及2区的Ifack 1(侵染≥20个体/100g芒果)。C. cosyra 的寄主植物谱被替代寄主植物所改变。C. fasciventris 和 C. anonae 都很罕见。这项研究的结果可以指导研究人员开发果蝇种群监测工具，从而减少果蝇对芒果造成的损害。