The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shielding effectiveness of a non-toxic double layer of barium sulfate and tungsten with disclosed elemental compositions against diagnostic X-rays. Three variations of the radiation shielding material were created: one mainly composed of tungsten (mW), another mainly composed of barium sulfate (mBa), and a third composed of a blend of barium sulfate and tungsten (W/Ba). The following three types of 1.0 mm protective sheets were used to compare their shielding effectiveness: a double layer with mW upstream and mBa downstream (mW→mBa); a double layer with mBa upstream and mW downstream (mBa→mW); and W/Ba. Moreover, using experimental measurements and Monte Carlo calculations, the shielding effectiveness against 110 kVp X-rays of mBa→mW (0.495 g cm) was compared with the corresponding values for a commercially available lead-free protective apron (0.25 mmPb equivalent) and a 0.5 mm pure lead sheet (0.567 g cm). The measured and calculated shielding of a mBa→mW double layer was approximately 1% more effective than that of the reverse arrangement and of the mixture. The shielding effectiveness of mBa→mW was 93.66%, which compared with values of 87.22% for the commercially available lead-free apron and 93.86% for pure lead. In conclusion, the 1.0 mm non-toxic radiation shielding sheet having a double-layered structure with barium sulfate upstream and tungsten downstream was approximately 13% lighter than a 0.5 mm thick pure lead sheet but provided an equivalent shielding effectiveness against diagnostic X-rays.

中文翻译：

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无毒双层 BaSO4/W 复合材料对诊断 X 射线的屏蔽效能评估

本研究的目的是评估具有所公开的元素成分的无毒硫酸钡和钨双层对诊断 X 射线的屏蔽效果。创建了三种辐射屏蔽材料：一种主要由钨 (mW) 组成，另一种主要由硫酸钡 (mBa) 组成，第三种由硫酸钡和钨的混合物 (W/Ba) 组成。采用以下三种1.0mm防护片来比较其屏蔽效果： 上mW、下mBa的双层（mW→mBa）；双层，上游为 mBa，下游为 mW（mBa→mW）；和W/Ba。此外，通过实验测量和蒙特卡罗计算，将 mBa→mW (0.495 g cm) 的 110 kVp X 射线屏蔽效能与市售无铅防护裙（0.25 mmPb 当量）和0.5 毫米纯铅片（0.567 克厘米）。测量和计算得出，mBa→mW 双层的屏蔽效果比相反排列和混合物的屏蔽效果高约 1%。 mBa→mW 的屏蔽效能为 93.66%，而市售无铅围裙的屏蔽效能为 87.22%，纯铅围裙的屏蔽效能为 93.86%。总之，具有上游硫酸钡和下游钨的双层结构的1.0毫米无毒辐射屏蔽片比0.5毫米厚的纯铅片轻约13%，但对诊断X射线具有相同的屏蔽效果。