BackgroundThere is widespread interest in the general factor of psychopathology or ‘p factor’, which has been proposed to reflect vulnerability to psychopathology. We examined to what extent this ‘vulnerability’ is associated with dysregulations in affect and behavior that occur in daily life. As such we hoped to provide an account of how this vulnerability may be maintained.MethodsWe used data from the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS; N = 2,772) collected at ages 11, 14, 16, 19, and 22 years to fit a bifactor model with a general psychopathology factor, alongside internalizing, externalizing (EXT), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity, and autism spectrum problem domains. Following the fifth TRAILS assessment, a subsample of participants (n = 133, age = 22.6, 43% women) with heightened risk for psychopathology completed a 6‐month daily diary protocol with one assessment each day. Using a dynamic structural equation approach, we examined to what extent mean intensity, variability, inertia, and within‐day co‐occurrence of EXT, anxious–tense, and depressed–withdrawn affects and behaviors were associated with general factor scores.ResultsUnexpectedly, higher general factor scores were not associated with higher mean intensity of any of the three types of daily negative affects and behaviors, but were associated with higher variability and less carryover (inertia) EXT affects and behaviors.ConclusionsWe showed that individual differences in general factor scores do not manifest as differences in average levels of daily affects and behaviors, but instead were related to a type of EXT reactivity to the environment. Future research is necessary to investigate whether reactive irritable moods may be involved in or signal vulnerability sustained psychopathology.

中文翻译：

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青春期心理病理学的普遍脆弱性如何在年轻人的日常生活中表现出来

背景人们对精神病理学的一般因素或“p因素”有着广泛的兴趣，有人提出它反映了对精神病理学的脆弱性。我们研究了这种“脆弱性”在多大程度上与日常生活中发生的情感和行为失调相关。因此，我们希望提供如何维护此漏洞的说明。方法我们使用来自跟踪青少年个人生活调查 (TRAILS;氮= 2,772）在 11、14、16、19 和 22 岁时收集，以拟合具有一般精神病理学因素以及内化、外化 (EXT)、注意力缺陷/多动和自闭症谱系问题领域的双因素模型。在第五次 TRAILS 评估之后，参与者的子样本（n= 133 名，年龄 = 22.6 岁，43% 女性）患有精神病理学的风险较高，完成了为期 6 个月的每日日记方案，每天进行一次评估。使用动态结构方程方法，我们检查了 EXT、焦虑-紧张和抑郁-退缩情绪和行为的平均强度、变异性、惰性和日内共现程度与一般因子得分的相关性。结果出乎意料的是，更高一般因素得分与三种日常负面情绪和行为中任何一种的较高平均强度无关，但与较高的变异性和较少的遗留（惯性）EXT影响和行为相关。结论我们表明，一般因素得分的个体差异确实并不表现为日常影响和行为平均水平的差异，而是与对环境的一种外部反应有关。未来的研究有必要调查反应性烦躁情绪是否可能与持续的精神病理学有关或表明脆弱性。