We present sequential oxygen isotope records (δ18Ophosphate vs. VSMOW) of horse tooth enamel phosphate of six individuals from two adjacent Palaeolithic sites in Lower Austria. Three molars from the site Krems‐Wachtberg date to 33–31k cal a bp, and three molars from Kammern‐Grubgraben to 24–20k cal a bp. All teeth show seasonal isotope variations, which are used to reconstruct the annual oxygen isotope composition of drinking water (δ18Odw) and palaeotemperatures. Measured δ18Ophosphate values ranged from 8.6 to 13.0‰ and from 10.8 to 13.9‰ at Krems‐Wachtberg and Kammern‐Grubgraben, respectively. An inverse modelling approach was used to reconstruct summer and winter temperatures after a correction for glacial oceanic source water δ18O. Reconstructed annual δ18Odw was −16.4 ± 1.5‰ at Krems‐Wachtberg and −15.3 ± 1.4‰ at Kammern‐Grubgraben, resulting in annual temperatures of −5.7 ± 3.1 and −3.5 ± 2.9°C, respectively. Summer and winter temperatures reconstructed from individual teeth exhibit high seasonal variations with moderate summer temperatures and extremely low winter temperatures typical for a polar tundra climate. Isotopic differences between individuals are attributed to interannual climate variability or to different drinking water sources. Our reconstructed temperatures are, overall, consistent with previously reported values from European horse teeth, when taking regional differences into account.

中文翻译：

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根据下奥地利马牙釉质高分辨率氧同位素比推断海洋同位素第 3 阶段和第 2 阶段的季节性气候变化

我们提供连续的氧同位素记录（δ18氧磷酸盐与 VSMOW）的马牙釉质磷酸盐来自下奥地利州两个相邻的旧石器时代遗址的六个人。克雷姆斯-瓦赫特贝格 (Krems-Wachtberg) 遗址的三颗臼齿可追溯到 33-31k cal aBP，以及从 Kammern-Grubgraben 到 24-20k cal a 的三颗臼齿bp。所有牙齿都显示出季节性同位素变化，这些变化用于重建饮用水的年度氧同位素组成（δ18氧数据中心）和古气温。测量δ18氧磷酸盐Krems-Wachtberg 和 Kammern-Grubgraben 的值分别为 8.6 至 13.0 ‰ 和 10.8 至 13.9 ‰。在对冰川海洋源水 δ 进行校正后，采用逆建模方法重建夏季和冬季温度18O.重建年δ18氧数据中心克雷姆斯-瓦赫特贝格 (Krems-Wachtberg) 的气温为 -16.4 ± 1.5‰，卡默恩-格鲁格拉本 (Kammern-Grubgraben) 的气温为 -15.3 ± 1.4‰，导致年气温分别为 -5.7 ± 3.1 和 -3.5 ± 2.9°C。从单个牙齿重建的夏季和冬季温度表现出较大的季节性变化，夏季温度适中，冬季温度极低，这是极地苔原气候的典型特征。个体之间的同位素差异归因于年际气候变化或不同的饮用水源。考虑到区域差异，我们重建的温度总体上与之前报道的欧洲马牙齿的值一致。