The gene encoding EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3) is necessary for photoperiodic flowering and the normal regulation of circadian rhythms. It provides important information at the cellular level to uncover the biological mechanisms that improve plant growth and development. ELF3 interactions with transcription factors such as BROTHER OF LUX ARRHYTHMO (BOA), LIGHT-REGULATED WD1 (LWD1), PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 7 (PIF7), and LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX) suggest a role in evening complex (EC) independent pathways, demanding further investigation to elucidate the EC-dependent versus EC-independent mechanisms. The ELF3 regulation of flowering time about photoperiod and temperature variations can also optimize crop cultivation across diverse latitudes. In this review paper, we summarize how ELF3′s role in the circadian clock and light-responsive flowering control in crops offers substantial potential for scientific advancement and practical applications in biotechnology and agriculture. Despite its essential role in crop adaptation, very little is known in many important crops. Consequently, comprehensive and targeted research is essential for extrapolating ELF3-related insights from Arabidopsis to other crops, utilizing both computational and experimental methodologies. This research should prioritize investigations into ELF3′s protein–protein interactions, post-translational modifications, and genomic targets to elucidate its contribution to accurate circadian clock regulation.

中文翻译：

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重温ELF3在生物钟调节中的作用和机制

编码 EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3) 的基因对于光周期开花和昼夜节律的正常调节是必需的。它提供了细胞水平上的重要信息，以揭示改善植物生长和发育的生物机制。 ELF3 与 BROTHER OF LUX ARRHYTHMO (BOA)、光调节 WD1 (LWD1)、PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4)、PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 7 (PIF7) 和 LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX) 等转录因子的相互作用表明其发挥作用晚间复合体 (EC) 独立通路中存在多种机制，需要进一步研究以阐明 EC 依赖型与 EC 独立型机制。 ELF3 对光周期和温度变化的开花时间的调节也可以优化不同纬度的作物种植。在这篇综述论文中，我们总结了 ELF3 在作物生物钟和光响应开花控制中的作用如何为生物技术和农业的科学进步和实际应用提供巨大潜力。尽管它在作物适应中发挥着重要作用，但对于许多重要作物却知之甚少。因此，利用计算和实验方法，全面、有针对性的研究对于将拟南芥 ELF3 相关见解外推到其他作物至关重要。这项研究应优先研究 ELF3 的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用、翻译后修饰和基因组靶点，以阐明其对准确的生物钟调节的贡献。