Membrane-based separation of oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) has emerged as an essential technological advancement with far-reaching implications across a multitude of industries. This comprehensive review explores the dynamic landscape of progress and challenges associated with this innovative approach to gas separation. The introductory section discusses deeply the rationale for employing membranes in gas separation processes. It underscores the key factors driving the evolution of this field, which encompass the development of sophisticated membrane modules, the exploration of state-of-the-art materials, the tailoring of membrane morphology, and the adoption of advanced manufacturing techniques. Subsequently, this article navigates through the intricate realm of membrane materials and synthesis methods, offering valuable insights into the selection of materials and the intricacies of fabrication techniques, including phase inversion and electrospinning. The analysis of gas transport within membranes aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles that underlie efficient O and N separation. A thorough exploration of various membrane types and modules offers a detailed perspective on asymmetric membranes, mixed matrix membranes, block copolymer membranes, and various modified membranes, such as those incorporating metal-organic frameworks, zeolites, and carbon molecular sieves. Furthermore, this review meticulously dissects the impact of critical separation parameters, including feed composition, flow rate, temperature, and pressure, on separation efficiency. The article also spotlights recent breakthroughs and enhancements in the performance of membrane-based O and N separation, demonstrating the continued advancements in this field. Finally, it assesses the current state of progress, identifies existing challenges, and outlines the promising future prospects for membrane-based O and N separation technology.

中文翻译：

---

提高氧气和氮气分离性能的气体分离膜的最新进展：综合综述

基于膜的氧气 (O) 和氮气 (N) 分离已成为一项重要的技术进步，对众多行业产生深远影响。这篇全面的综述探讨了与这种创新的气体分离方法相关的动态进展和挑战。介绍部分深入讨论了在气体分离过程中使用膜的基本原理。它强调了推动该领域发展的关键因素，包括复杂膜组件的开发、最先进材料的探索、膜形态的定制以及先进制造技术的采用。随后，本文探讨了膜材料和合成方法的复杂领域，为材料的选择和复杂的制造技术（包括相转化和静电纺丝）提供了宝贵的见解。对膜内气体传输的分析旨在全面了解有效 O 和 N 分离的基本原理。对各种膜类型和模块的彻底探索提供了对非对称膜、混合基质膜、嵌段共聚物膜和各种改性膜（例如结合金属有机框架、沸石和碳分子筛的膜）的详细视角。此外，本综述还仔细剖析了关键分离参数（包括进料成分、流速、温度和压力）对分离效率的影响。本文还重点介绍了基于膜的 O 和 N 分离性能的最新突破和增强，展示了该领域的持续进步。最后，它评估了当前的进展情况，确定了现有的挑战，并概述了基于膜的 O 和 N 分离技术的美好未来前景。