Visuospatial cognition encapsulates an individual's ability to efficiently navigate and make sense of the multimodal cues from their surroundings, and therefore has been linked to expert performance across multiple domains, including sports, performing arts, and highly skilled tasks, such as drawing (Morrone and Minini, 2023). As neural efficiency posits a task-specific functional reorganization facilitated by long-term training, the present study employs a visuospatial construction task as a means of investigating the neurophysiological adaptations associated with expert visuospatial cognitive performance. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data acquisitions were used to evaluate the event-related changes (ER%) and statistical topographic maps of nine expert versus nine novice artists. The expert artists displayed overall higher global ER% compared to the novices within task-active intervals. Significant increases in relative ER% were found in the theta ( (10) = 3.528, = 0.003, CI = [27.3,120.9]), lower-alpha ( (10) = 3.751, = 0.002, CI = [28.2,110.5]), upper-alpha ( (10) = 3.829, = 0.002, CI = [50.2,189.8]), and low beta ( (10) = 4.342, < 0.001, CI = [37.0,114.9]) frequency bands, when comparing the experts to the novice participants. These results were particularly found in the frontal ( (14) = 2.014 0.032, CI = [7.7,245.4]) and occipital ( (14) = 2.647, 0.010, CI = [45.0,429.7]) regions. Further, a significant decrease in alpha ER% from lower to upper activity ( (8) = 4.475, = 0.001, CI = [21.0, 65.8]) was found across cortical regions in the novice group. Notably, greater deviation between lower and upper-alpha activity was found across scalp locations in the novice group, compared to the experts. Overall, the findings demonstrate potential local and global EEG-based indices of selective cortical adaptations within a task requiring a high degree of visuospatial cognition, although further work is needed to replicate these findings across other domains.

中文翻译：

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与视觉空间任务中的神经效率相关的选择性皮质适应——专家和新手艺术家的脑电图的比较

视觉空间认知概括了个人有效导航和理解周围环境多模态线索的能力，因此与多个领域的专家表现相关，包括体育、表演艺术和高技能任务，例如绘画（莫罗内和米尼尼） ，2023）。由于神经效率假定长期训练促进特定任务的功能重组，因此本研究采用视觉空间构建任务作为研究与专家视觉空间认知表现相关的神经生理适应的手段。脑电图 (EEG) 数据采集用于评估九位专家与九位新手艺术家的事件相关变化 (ER%) 和统计地形图。在任务活跃区间内，与新手相比，专家艺术家总体表现出更高的总体 ER%。相对 ER% 显着增加见于 theta ( (10) = 3.528, = 0.003, CI = [27.3,120.9])、lower-alpha ( (10) = 3.751, = 0.002, CI = [28.2,110.5] ）、高 alpha ( (10) = 3.829, = 0.002, CI = [50.2,189.8]) 和低 beta ( (10) = 4.342, < 0.001, CI = [37.0,114.9]) 频段，进行比较时从专家到新手参与者。这些结果尤其出现在额叶（（14）= 2.014 0.032，CI = [7.7,245.4]）和枕叶（（14）= 2.647, 0.010，CI = [45.0,429.7]）区域。此外，在新手组的皮质区域中，发现 α ER% 从较低活性到较高活性显着下降 ((8) = 4.475, = 0.001, CI = [21.0, 65.8]）。值得注意的是，与专家相比，新手组头皮位置的较低和较高 α 活性之间存在更大的偏差。总体而言，研究结果表明，在需要高度视觉空间认知的任务中，基于脑电图的选择性皮质适应的潜在局部和全局指数，尽管需要进一步的工作来在其他领域复制这些发现。