Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) have emerged as an essential area of research in the last decade, providing a new paradigm for the integration of computational and physical units in modern control systems. Remote state estimation (RSE) is an indispensable functional module of CPSs. Recently, it has been demonstrated that malicious agents can manipulate data packets transmitted through unreliable channels of RSE, leading to severe estimation performance degradation. This paper aims to present an overview of recent advances in cyber-attacks and defensive countermeasures, with a specific focus on integrity attacks against RSE. Firstly, two representative frameworks for the synthesis of optimal deception attacks with various performance metrics and stealthiness constraints are discussed, which provide a deeper insight into the vulnerabilities of RSE. Secondly, a detailed review of typical attack detection and resilient estimation algorithms is included, illustrating the latest defensive measures safeguarding RSE from adversaries. Thirdly, some prevalent attacks impairing the confidentiality and data availability of RSE are examined from both attackers' and defenders' perspectives. Finally, several challenges and open problems are presented to inspire further exploration and future research in this field.

中文翻译：

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远程状态估计的网络安全格局：全面回顾

网络物理系统（CPS）在过去十年中已成为一个重要的研究领域，为现代控制系统中计算和物理单元的集成提供了新的范例。远程状态估计（RSE）是CPS不可或缺的功能模块。最近，已经证明恶意代理可以操纵通过不可靠的 RSE 通道传输的数据包，导致估计性能严重下降。本文旨在概述网络攻击和防御对策的最新进展，特别关注针对 RSE 的完整性攻击。首先，讨论了用于综合具有各种性能指标和隐秘性约束的最佳欺骗攻击的两个代表性框架，这提供了对 RSE 漏洞的更深入的了解。其次，详细回顾了典型的攻击检测和弹性估计算法，说明了保护 RSE 免受对手攻击的最新防御措施。第三，从攻击者和防御者的角度检查了一些损害 RSE 机密性和数据可用性的流行攻击。最后，提出了一些挑战和悬而未决的问题，以激发该领域的进一步探索和未来研究。