Specific characteristics of dimensionally constrained nanoparticles are used effectively to enhance a wide range of applications. Engineers can exploit the phenomenon and associated band gap to open its applications by incorporating optoelectrical features in different fields. When it comes to materials, carbonaceous nanomaterials like graphene have recently received a lot of interest among researchers. The class of carbonaceous materials is particularly interesting because of their distinctive mechanical, chemical, optical and electrical properties. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are the newest form of carbonaceous non-materials. GQDs may be modified and improved by changing the graphene layer count, doping and functional attachments creating composites or using groups. Apart from the band structure, GQDs have a variety of other advantageous functional characteristics for different applications. Tuneable fluorescence, high quantum efficiency\({/}\)quantum confinement, increased chemical stability, edge effects, biocompatibility, low toxicity, photostability and water solubility are a few characteristics of GQDs which are desirable for various applications.

尺寸受限纳米粒子的具体特性被有效地利用来增强广泛的应用。工程师可以利用这种现象和相关的带隙，通过在不同领域结合光电特性来打开其应用。在材料方面，石墨烯等碳纳米材料最近引起了研究人员的极大兴趣。碳质材料因其独特的机械、化学、光学和电学特性而特别令人感兴趣。石墨烯量子点（GQD）是最新形式的碳质非材料。GQD 可以通过改变石墨烯层数、掺杂和功能附件来修改和改进，从而创建复合材料或使用基团。除了能带结构之外，GQD 还具有针对不同应用的各种其他有利的功能特性。可调谐荧光、高量子效率\({/}\)量子限制、增强的化学稳定性、边缘效应、生物相容性、低毒性、光稳定性和水溶性是 GQD 的一些特性，适合各种应用。