Circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior are ≈24-hour biological cycles regulated by internal biological clocks (ie, circadian clocks) that optimize organismal homeostasis in response to predictable environmental changes. These clocks are present in virtually all cells in the body, including cardiomyocytes. Many decades ago, clinicians and researchers became interested in studying daily patterns of triggers for sudden cardiac death, the incidence of sudden cardiac death, and cardiac arrhythmias. This review highlights historical and contemporary studies examining the role of day/night rhythms in the timing of cardiovascular events, delves into changes in the timing of these events over the last few decades, and discusses cardiovascular disease-specific differences in the timing of cardiovascular events. The current understanding of the environmental, behavioral, and circadian mechanisms that regulate cardiac electrophysiology is examined with a focus on the circadian regulation of cardiac ion channels and ion channel regulatory genes. Understanding the contribution of environmental, behavioral, and circadian rhythms on arrhythmia susceptibility and the incidence of sudden cardiac death will be essential in developing future chronotherapies.

中文翻译：

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心律失常和电生理学的昼夜节律调节

生理和行为的昼夜节律是约 24 小时的生物周期，由内部生物钟（即生物钟）调节，优化生物体内平衡以响应可预测的环境变化。这些时钟几乎存在于体内所有细胞中，包括心肌细胞。几十年前，临床医生和研究人员开始对研究心源性猝死的日常触发模式、心源性猝死和心律失常的发生率感兴趣。这篇综述重点介绍了历史和当代研究，研究了昼夜节律在心血管事件发生时间中的作用，深入研究了过去几十年来这些事件发生时间的变化，并讨论了心血管疾病特定的心血管事件发生时间的差异。目前对调节心脏电生理学的环境、行为和昼夜节律机制的理解主要集中在心脏离子通道和离子通道调节基因的昼夜节律调节上。了解环境、行为和昼夜节律对心律失常易感性和心源性猝死发生率的影响对于开发未来的时间疗法至关重要。