The rapid expansion of modern smart applications, demanding faster data transfer and extensive bandwidth, has prompted the development of new-generation networks like 5G and 6G. These networks encompass additional frequency bands such as sub-6 GHz, millimeter waves, and terahertz bands to meet the growing bandwidth requirements. However, despite the substantial bandwidth available in these bands, several challenges must be addressed to overcome unfavorable propagation characteristics. Moreover, numerous applications necessitate wireless devices with antennas that exhibit high flexibility and exceptional radiation responses, particularly when subjected to bending effects. This requirement highlights the importance of polymers-based antennas that can adapt to changing conditions while maintaining optimal performance. The present comprehensive study delves into the performance evaluation of rectangular and circular microstrip antennas utilizing PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) polymer substrate with varying thicknesses. Notably, CNTs (Carbon Nanotubes) are employed as an alternative to traditional copper for the conductive part and ground plane. Both PMMA-based antennas, integrated with CNTs, exhibit a compact footprint of 27.8 × 47.8 × 1.5 mm3 for the circular antenna and 22.8 × 39.5 × 1.5 mm3 for the rectangular antenna. Impressively, the realized gain of both antennas surpasses 5 dBi, demonstrating robust performance in both flat and bending scenarios across different substrate thicknesses. The rectangular antenna achieves a bandwidth of approximately 200 MHz, while the circular microstrip antenna showcase annotable bandwidth of 500 MHz. These exceptional outcomes position the two microstrip antennas as highly suitable for a diverse range of emerging applications within the sub-6 GHz band (the frequency range below 6 GHz in the radio spectrum). Thus, the combination of PMMA substrate, CNTs and the compact form factor of the antennas presents a compelling solution for meeting the demands of modern applications requiring efficient wireless communication with enhanced performance and bandwidth.

中文翻译：

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亚 6 Ghz 频段基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA) 基板和碳纳米管 (CNT) 导电材料的微带天线设计优化

现代智能应用的快速扩展，需要更快的数据传输和广泛的带宽，促进了5G和6G等新一代网络的发展。这些网络包含 6 GHz 以下、毫米波和太赫兹频段等附加频段，以满足不断增长的带宽需求。然而，尽管这些频段有大量可用带宽，但仍必须解决一些挑战，以克服不利的传播特性。此外，许多应用需要无线设备的天线具有高灵活性和出色的辐射响应，特别是在受到弯曲效应时。这一要求凸显了基于聚合物的天线的重要性，这种天线可以适应不断变化的条件，同时保持最佳性能。本综合研究深入探讨了利用不同厚度的 PMMA（聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯）聚合物基板的矩形和圆形微带天线的性能评估。值得注意的是，CNT（碳纳米管）被用作导电部分和接地层的传统铜的替代品。两种基于 PMMA 的天线均与 CNT 集成，圆形天线的尺寸为 27.8 × 47.8 × 1.5 mm3，矩形天线的尺寸为 22.8 × 39.5 × 1.5 mm3。令人印象深刻的是，两种天线的实现增益均超过 5 dBi，在不同基板厚度的平坦和弯曲场景中展现出强大的性能。矩形天线的带宽约为 200 MHz，而圆形微带天线的带宽高达 500 MHz。这些出色的成果使这两种微带天线非常适合 6 GHz 以下频段（无线电频谱中低于 6 GHz 的频率范围）内的各种新兴应用。因此，PMMA 基板、碳纳米管和紧凑外形尺寸的天线的组合提供了一种引人注目的解决方案，可以满足现代应用的需求，这些应用需要高效的无线通信以及增强的性能和带宽。