Antibiotics are commonly used to treat infectious diseases; however, persistence is often expressed by the pathogenic bacteria and their long-term relative effect on the host have been neglected. The present study investigated the impact of antibiotics in gut microbiota (GM) and metabolism of host. The effect of ampicillin antibiotics on GM of Drosophila melanogaster was analyzed through deep sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicon gene. The dominant phyla consisted of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, Euryarchaeota, Acedobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Cyanobacteria. It was found that the composition of GM was significantly altered on administration of antibiotics. On antibiotic treatments, there were decline in relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, while there were increase in relative abundance of Chlorophyta and Bacteroidota. High abundance of 14 genera, viz., Wolbachia, Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Thiolamprovum, Pseudoalteromonas, Vibrio, Romboutsia, Staphylococcus, Alteromonas, Clostridium, Lysinibacillus, Litoricola, and Cellulophaga were significant (p ≤ 0.05) upon antibiotic treatment. Particularly, the abundance of Acetobacter was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) declined but increased for Wolbachia. Further, a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. melanogaster, Wolbachia endosymbiont of Curculio okumai, and Wolbachia pipientis and a decrease in the Acinetobacter sp. were observed. We observed an increase in functional capacity for biosynthesis of certain nucleotides and the enzyme activities. Further, the decrease in antimicrobial peptide production in the treated group and potential effects on the host’s defense mechanisms were observed. This study helps shed light on an often-overlooked dimension, namely the persistence of antibiotics’ effects on the host.

抗生素通常用于治疗传染病；然而，致病菌往往表现出持久性，而它们对宿主的长期相对影响却被忽视了。本研究调查了抗生素对肠道微生物群（GM）和宿主代谢的影响。通过16S rRNA扩增子基因深度测序分析氨苄西林类抗生素对黑腹果蝇GM的影响。优势门包括变形菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门、浮霉菌门、绿弯菌门、广古菌门、醋杆菌门、疣微菌门和蓝细菌门。结果发现，施用抗生素后，GM 的组成发生显着改变。在抗生素治疗下，变形菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度下降，而绿藻门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度增加。14 个属的高丰度，即. 、沃尔巴克氏菌、乳杆菌、芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌、硫醇杆菌、假交替单胞菌、弧菌、罗马尼亚菌、葡萄球菌、交替单胞菌、梭状芽胞杆菌、赖氨酸芽孢杆菌、Litoricola和Cellulophaga在抗生素治疗后显着 ( p  ≤ 0.05)。特别是，醋杆菌的丰度显着下降（p≤0.05  ），但沃尔巴克氏体的丰度却增加。此外，D. melanogaster 的 Wolbachia 内共生体、Curculio okumai的Wolbachia 内共生体和Wolbachia pipientis显着增加（ p  ≤ 0.05） ，而Acinetobacter sp.减少。被观察到。我们观察到某些核苷酸生物合成的功能能力和酶活性有所增加。此外，还观察到治疗组抗菌肽产量的减少以及对宿主防御机制的潜在影响。这项研究有助于揭示一个经常被忽视的方面，即抗生素对宿主的持续作用。